dotemacs

modus-themes.org (228092B)

---

 #+title: Modus themes for GNU Emacs
 #+author: Protesilaos Stavrou
 #+email: info@protesilaos.com
 #+language: en
 #+options: ':t toc:nil author:t email:t num:t
 #+startup: content
 #+macro: stable-version 4.4.0
 #+macro: release-date 2024-03-17
 #+macro: development-version 4.5.0-dev
 #+macro: file @@texinfo:@file{@@$1@@texinfo:}@@
 #+macro: space @@texinfo:@: @@
 #+macro: kbd @@texinfo:@kbd{@@$1@@texinfo:}@@
 #+texinfo_filename: modus-themes.info
 #+texinfo_dir_category: Emacs misc features
 #+texinfo_dir_title: Modus Themes: (modus-themes)
 #+texinfo_dir_desc: Elegant, highly legible and customizable themes
 #+texinfo_header: @set MAINTAINERSITE @uref{https://protesilaos.com,maintainer webpage}
 #+texinfo_header: @set MAINTAINER Protesilaos Stavrou
 #+texinfo_header: @set MAINTAINEREMAIL @email{info@protesilaos.com}
 #+texinfo_header: @set MAINTAINERCONTACT @uref{mailto:info@protesilaos.com,contact the maintainer}
 
 #+texinfo: @insertcopying
 
 This manual, written by Protesilaos Stavrou, describes the
 customization options for the Modus themes, and provides every other
 piece of information pertinent to them.
 
 The documentation furnished herein corresponds to stable version
 {{{stable-version}}}, released on {{{release-date}}}.  Any reference
 to a newer feature which does not yet form part of the latest tagged
 commit, is explicitly marked as such.
 
 Current development target is {{{development-version}}}.
 
 + Package name (GNU ELPA): ~modus-themes~
 + Official manual: <https://protesilaos.com/emacs/modus-themes>
 + Change log: <https://protesilaos.com/emacs/modus-themes-changelog>
 + Color palette: <https://protesilaos.com/emacs/modus-themes-colors>
 + Sample pictures: <https://protesilaos.com/emacs/modus-themes-pictures>
 + Git repositories:
   + GitHub: <https://github.com/protesilaos/modus-themes>
   + GitLab: <https://gitlab.com/protesilaos/modus-themes>
 + Backronym: My Old Display Unexpectedly Sharpened ... themes.
 
 #+toc: headlines 8 insert TOC here, with eight headline levels
 
 * COPYING
 :properties:
 :copying: t
 :custom_id: h:b14c3fcb-13dd-4144-9d92-2c58b3ed16d3
 :end:
 
 Copyright (C) 2020-2023  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 #+begin_quote
 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
 Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts being “A GNU Manual,” and
 with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below.  A copy of the license is
 included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License.”
 
 (a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have the freedom to copy and
 modify this GNU manual.”
 #+end_quote
 
 * Overview
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:f0f3dbcb-602d-40cf-b918-8f929c441baf
 :end:
 
 The Modus themes are designed for accessible readability.  They
 conform with the highest standard for color contrast between
 combinations of background and foreground values.  For small sized
 text, this corresponds to the WCAG AAA standard, which specifies a
 minimum rate of distance in relative luminance of 7:1.
 
 The Modus themes consist of eight themes, divided into four subgroups.
 
 - Main themes :: ~modus-operandi~ is the project's main light theme,
   while ~modus-vivendi~ is its dark counterpart.  These two themes are
   part of the project since its inception.  They are designed to cover
   a broad range of needs and are, in the opinion of the author, the
   reference for what a highly legible "default" theme should look
   like.
 
 - Tinted themes :: ~modus-operandi-tinted~ and ~modus-vivendi-tinted~
   are variants of the two main themes.  They slightly tone down the
   intensity of the background and provide a bit more color variety.
   ~modus-operandi-tinted~ has a set of base tones that are shades of
   light ochre (earthly colors), while ~modus-vivendi-tinted~ gives a
   night sky impression.
 
 - Deuteranopia themes :: ~modus-operandi-deuteranopia~ and its
   companion ~modus-vivendi-deuteranopia~ are optimized for users with
   red-green color deficiency.  This means that they do not use red and
   green hues for color-coding purposes, such as for diff removed and
   added lines.  Instead, they implement colors that are discernible by
   users with deueteranopia or deuteranomaly (mostly yellow and blue
   hues).
 
 - Tritanopia themes :: ~modus-operandi-tritanopia~ and its counterpart
   ~modus-vivendi-tritanopia~ are optimized for users with blue-yellow
   color deficiency.  The idea is the same as with the deuteranopia
   variants: color coding relies only on hues that are accessible to
   people with tritanopia or tritanomaly, namely, shades of red and
   cyan.
 
 To ensure that users have a consistently accessible experience, the
 themes strive to achieve as close to full face coverage as possible,
 while still targeting a curated list of well-maintained packages
 ([[#h:a9c8f29d-7f72-4b54-b74b-ddefe15d6a19][Face coverage]]).
 
 The overarching objective of this project is to always offer
 accessible color combinations.  There shall never be a compromise on
 this principle.  If there arises an inescapable trade-off between
 usability and stylistic considerations, we will always opt for the
 former.
 
 Starting with version 0.12.0 and onwards, the themes are built into GNU
 Emacs.
 
 ** How do the themes look like
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:69b92089-069c-4ba1-9d94-cc3415fc4f87
 :end:
 #+cindex: Screenshots
 
 Check the web page with [[https://protesilaos.com/emacs/modus-themes-pictures/][the screen shots]].  Note that the themes are
 highly customizable ([[#h:bf1c82f2-46c7-4eb2-ad00-dd11fdd8b53f][Customization options]]).
 
 ** Learn about the latest changes
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:2cc37c36-6c1a-48b2-a010-1050b270ee18
 :end:
 #+cindex: Changelog
 
 Please refer to the [[https://protesilaos.com/emacs/modus-themes-changelog][web page with the change log]].  It is comprehensive
 and covers everything that goes into every tagged release of the themes.
 
 * Installation
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:1af85373-7f81-4c35-af25-afcef490c111
 :end:
 
 The Modus themes are distributed with Emacs starting with version 28.1.
 On older versions of Emacs, they can be installed using Emacs' package
 manager or manually from their code repository.  There also exist
 packages for distributions of GNU/Linux.
 
 Emacs 28 ships with ~modus-themes~ version =1.6.0=.  Emacs 29 includes
 version =3.0.0=.  Emacs 30 provides a newer, refactored version that
 thoroughly refashions how the themes are implemented and customized.
 Such major versions are not backward-compatible due to the limited
 resources at the maintainer's disposal to support multiple versions of
 Emacs and of the themes across the years.
 
 ** Install manually from source
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:da3414b7-1426-46b8-8e76-47b845b76fd0
 :end:
 
 In the following example, we are assuming that your Emacs files are
 stored in {{{file(~/.emacs.d)}}} and that you want to place the Modus
 themes in {{{file(~/.emacs.d/modus-themes)}}}.
 
 1. Get the source and store it in the desired path by running the
    following in the command line shell:
 
 : $ git clone https://gitlab.com/protesilaos/modus-themes.git ~/.emacs.d/modus-themes
 
 2. Add that path to your known Elisp libraries' list, by placing this
    snippet of Emacs Lisp in your init file (e.g. {{{file(init.el)}}}):
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/modus-themes")
 #+end_src
 
 The themes are now ready to be used: [[#h:3f3c3728-1b34-437d-9d0c-b110f5b161a9][Enable and load]].
 
 ** Install from the archives
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:c4b10085-149f-43e2-bd4d-347f33aee054
 :end:
 
 The ~modus-themes~ package is available from the GNU ELPA archive, which
 is configured by default.
 
 Prior to querying any package archive, make sure to update the index,
 with {{{kbd(M-x package-refresh-contents)}}}.  Then all you need to do
 is type {{{kbd(M-x package-install)}}} and specify the ~modus-themes~.
 
 Once installed, the themes are ready to be used: [[#h:3f3c3728-1b34-437d-9d0c-b110f5b161a9][Enable and load]].
 
 ** Install on GNU/Linux
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:da640eb1-95dd-4e86-bb4e-1027b27885f0
 :end:
 
 The themes are also available from the archives of some distributions of
 GNU/Linux.  These should correspond to a tagged release rather than
 building directly from the latest Git commit.  It all depends on the
 distro's packaging policies.
 
 *** Debian 11 Bullseye
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:7e570360-9ee6-4bc5-8c04-9dc11418a3e4
 :end:
 
 The themes are part of Debian 11 Bullseye.  Get them with:
 
 #+begin_src sh
 sudo apt install elpa-modus-themes
 #+end_src
 
 They are now ready to be used: [[#h:3f3c3728-1b34-437d-9d0c-b110f5b161a9][Enable and load]].
 
 NOTE that Debian's package is severely out-of-date as of this writing
 2022-07-24 09:57 +0300.
 
 *** GNU Guix
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:a4ca52cd-869f-46a5-9e16-4d9665f5b88e
 :end:
 
 Users of Guix can get the themes with this command:
 
 #+begin_src sh
 guix package -i emacs-modus-themes
 #+end_src
 
 They are now ready to be used: [[#h:3f3c3728-1b34-437d-9d0c-b110f5b161a9][Enable and load]].
 
 ** Dealing with byte compilation errors
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:e6268471-e847-4c9d-998f-49a83257b7f1
 :end:
 
 From time to time, we receive bug reports pertaining to errors with
 byte compilation.  These seldom have to do with faulty code in the
 themes: it might be a shortcoming of {{{file(package.el)}}}, some
 regression in the current development target of Emacs, a
 misconfiguration in an otherwise exotic setup, and the like.
 
 The common solution with a stable version of Emacs is to:
 
 1. Delete the ~modus-themes~ package.
 2. Close the current Emacs session.
 3. Install the ~modus-themes~ again.
 
 For those building Emacs directly from source, the solution may involve
 reverting to an earlier commit in emacs.git.
 
 At any rate, if you encounter such an issue please report it: we will
 either fix the bug on our end if it is truly ours, or help forward it to
 the relevant upstream maintainer.  Whatever you do, please understand
 that a build failure does not mean we are necessarily doing something
 wrong.
 
 [[#h:6536c8d5-3f98-43ab-a787-b94120e735e8][Issues you can help with]].
 
 * Enable and load
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:3f3c3728-1b34-437d-9d0c-b110f5b161a9
 :end:
 #+cindex: Essential configuration
 
 NOTE that Emacs can load multiple themes, which typically produces
 undesirable results and undoes the work of the designer.  Use the
 ~disable-theme~ command if you are trying other themes beside the
 Modus collection ([[#h:adb0c49a-f1f9-4690-868b-013a080eed68][Option for disabling other themes while loading Modus]]).
 
 Users of the built-in themes cannot ~require~ the package as usual
 because there is no package to speak of.  Instead, things are simpler
 as built-in themes are considered safe.  All one needs is to load the
 theme of their preference by adding either form to their init file:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (load-theme 'modus-operandi)            ; Light theme
 (load-theme 'modus-vivendi)             ; Dark theme
 #+end_src
 
 Remember that there are multiple Modus themes ([[#h:f0f3dbcb-602d-40cf-b918-8f929c441baf][Overview]]).  Adapt the
 above snippet accordingly.
 
 Users of packaged variants of the themes must add a few more lines to
 ensure that everything works as intended.  First, one has to require the
 main library before loading one of the themes:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (require 'modus-themes)
 #+end_src
 
 One can activate a theme with something like the following expression,
 replacing ~modus-operandi~ with their preferred Modus theme:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (load-theme 'modus-operandi :no-confirm)
 #+end_src
 
 Changes to the available customization options must always be evaluated
 before loading a theme ([[#h:bf1c82f2-46c7-4eb2-ad00-dd11fdd8b53f][Customization Options]]).  Reload a theme for
 new changes to take effect.
 
 This is how a basic setup could look like ([[#h:b66b128d-54a4-4265-b59f-4d1ea2feb073][The require-theme for built-in Emacs themes]]):
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;;; For the built-in themes which cannot use `require'.
 (require-theme 'modus-themes)
 
 ;; Add all your customizations prior to loading the themes.
 (setq modus-themes-italic-constructs t
       modus-themes-bold-constructs nil)
 
 ;; Load the theme of your choice.
 (load-theme 'modus-operandi)
 
 ;; Optionally define a key to switch between Modus themes.  Also check
 ;; the user option `modus-themes-to-toggle'.
 (define-key global-map (kbd "<f5>") #'modus-themes-toggle)
 
 
 
 ;;; For packaged versions which must use `require'.
 
 (require 'modus-themes)
 
 ;; Add all your customizations prior to loading the themes
 (setq modus-themes-italic-constructs t
       modus-themes-bold-constructs nil)
 
 ;; Load the theme of your choice.
 (load-theme 'modus-operandi :no-confirm)
 
 (define-key global-map (kbd "<f5>") #'modus-themes-toggle)
 #+end_src
 
 [[#h:e979734c-a9e1-4373-9365-0f2cd36107b8][Sample configuration with and without use-package]].
 
 To disable other themes before loading a Modus theme, use something
 like this:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (mapc #'disable-theme custom-enabled-themes)
 (load-theme 'modus-operandi :no-confirm)
 #+end_src
 
 #+findex: modus-themes-load-theme
 Instead of using the basic ~load-theme~ function, users can rely on
 the ~modus-themes-load-theme~.  It accepts a single argument, which is
 a symbol representing the Modus theme of choice, such as:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (modus-themes-load-theme 'modus-operandi)
 #+end_src
 
 #+vindex: modus-themes-after-load-theme-hook
 #+vindex: modus-themes-post-load-hook
 The ~modus-themes-load-theme~ takes care to disable other themes, if
 the user opts in ([[#h:adb0c49a-f1f9-4690-868b-013a080eed68][Option for disabling other themes while loading Modus]]).
 After loading the theme of choice, this function calls the
 hook ~modus-themes-after-load-theme-hook~ (alias ~modus-themes-post-load-hook~).
 Users can add their own functions to this hook to make further
 customizations ([[#h:f4651d55-8c07-46aa-b52b-bed1e53463bb][Advanced customization]]).
 
 #+findex: modus-themes-toggle
 #+findex: modus-themes-select
 The commands ~modus-themes-toggle~ and ~modus-themes-select~ use
 ~modus-themes-load-theme~ internally ([[#h:4fbfed66-5a89-447a-a07d-a03f6819c5bd][Option for which themes to toggle]]).
 The aforementioned hold true for them as well.
 
 ** The ~require-theme~ for built-in Emacs themes
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:b66b128d-54a4-4265-b59f-4d1ea2feb073
 :END:
 
 The version of the Modus themes that is included in Emacs CANNOT use
 the standard ~require~.  This is because the built-in themes are not
 included in the ~load-path~ (not my decision).  The ~require-theme~
 function must be used in this case as a replacement.  For example:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (require-theme 'modus-themes)
 
 ;; All customizations here
 (setq modus-themes-bold-constructs t
       modus-themes-italic-constructs t)
 
 ;; Maybe define some palette overrides, such as by using our presets
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       modus-themes-preset-overrides-intense)
 
 ;; Load the theme of choice (built-in themes are always "safe" so they
 ;; do not need the `no-require' argument of `load-theme').
 (load-theme 'modus-operandi)
 
 (define-key global-map (kbd "<f5>") #'modus-themes-toggle)
 #+end_src
 
 ** Sample configuration with and without use-package
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:e979734c-a9e1-4373-9365-0f2cd36107b8
 :end:
 #+cindex: use-package configuration
 #+cindex: sample configuration
 
 What follows is a variant of what we demonstrate in the previous
 section ([[#h:3f3c3728-1b34-437d-9d0c-b110f5b161a9][Enable and load]]).
 
 It is common for Emacs users to rely on ~use-package~ for declaring
 package configurations in their setup.  We use this as an example:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;;; For the built-in themes which cannot use `require'.
 (use-package emacs
   :config
   (require-theme 'modus-themes) ; `require-theme' is ONLY for the built-in Modus themes
 
   ;; Add all your customizations prior to loading the themes
   (setq modus-themes-italic-constructs t
         modus-themes-bold-constructs nil)
 
   ;; Maybe define some palette overrides, such as by using our presets
   (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
         modus-themes-preset-overrides-intense)
 
   ;; Load the theme of your choice.
   (load-theme 'modus-operandi)
 
   (define-key global-map (kbd "<f5>") #'modus-themes-toggle))
 
 
 
 ;;; For packaged versions which must use `require'.
 (use-package modus-themes
   :ensure t
   :config
   ;; Add all your customizations prior to loading the themes
   (setq modus-themes-italic-constructs t
         modus-themes-bold-constructs nil)
 
   ;; Maybe define some palette overrides, such as by using our presets
   (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
         modus-themes-preset-overrides-intense)
 
   ;; Load the theme of your choice.
   (load-theme 'modus-operandi)
 
   (define-key global-map (kbd "<f5>") #'modus-themes-toggle))
 #+end_src
 
 The same without ~use-package~:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (require 'modus-themes) ; OR for the built-in themes: (require-theme 'modus-themes)
 
 ;; Add all your customizations prior to loading the themes
 (setq modus-themes-italic-constructs t
       modus-themes-bold-constructs nil)
 
 ;; Maybe define some palette overrides, such as by using our presets
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       modus-themes-preset-overrides-intense)
 
 ;; Load the theme of your choice:
 (load-theme 'modus-operandi :no-confirm)
 
 (define-key global-map (kbd "<f5>") #'modus-themes-toggle)
 #+end_src
 
 [[#h:e68560b3-7fb0-42bc-a151-e015948f8a35][Differences between loading and enabling]].
 
 Note: make sure not to customize the variable ~custom-theme-load-path~
 or ~custom-theme-directory~ after the themes' package declaration.  That
 will lead to failures in loading the files.  If either or both of those
 variables need to be changed, their values should be defined before the
 package declaration of the themes.
 
 ** Differences between loading and enabling
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:e68560b3-7fb0-42bc-a151-e015948f8a35
 :end:
 #+cindex: load-theme VS enable-theme
 
 The reason we recommend ~load-theme~ instead of the other option of
 ~enable-theme~ is that the former does a kind of "reset" on the face
 specs.  It quite literally loads (or reloads) the theme.  Whereas the
 ~enable-theme~ function simply puts an already loaded theme to the top
 of the list of enabled items, re-using whatever state was last loaded.
 
 As such, ~load-theme~ reads all customizations that may happen during
 any given Emacs session: even after the initial setup of a theme.
 Examples are calls to ~custom-set-faces~, as well as new values assigned
 to the options the Modus themes provide ([[#h:bf1c82f2-46c7-4eb2-ad00-dd11fdd8b53f][Customization Options]]).
 
 Our tests show that ~enable-theme~ does not read such variables anew, so
 it might appear to the unsuspecting user that the themes are somehow
 broken whenever they try to assign a new value to a customization option
 or some face.
 
 This "reset" that ~load-theme~ brings about does, however, come at the
 cost of being somewhat slower than ~enable-theme~.  Users who have a
 stable setup and who seldom update their variables during a given Emacs
 session, are better off using something like this:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (require 'modus-themes)
 
 ;; Activate your desired themes here
 (load-theme 'modus-operandi t t)
 (load-theme 'modus-vivendi t t)
 
 ;; Enable the preferred one
 (enable-theme 'modus-operandi)
 #+end_src
 
 [[#h:b40aca50-a3b2-4c43-be58-2c26fcd14237][Toggle themes without reloading them]].
 
 [[#h:e979734c-a9e1-4373-9365-0f2cd36107b8][Sample configuration with and without use-package]].
 
 With the above granted, other sections of the manual discuss how to
 configure custom faces, where ~load-theme~ is expected, though
 ~enable-theme~ could still apply in stable setups:
 
 [[#h:51ba3547-b8c8-40d6-ba5a-4586477fd4ae][Use theme colors in code with modus-themes-with-colors]].
 
 * Customization options
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:bf1c82f2-46c7-4eb2-ad00-dd11fdd8b53f
 :end:
 
 The Modus themes are highly configurable, though they should work well
 without any further tweaks.  We provide a variety of user options.
 The following code block provides an overview.  In addition to those
 variables, the themes support a comprehensive system of overrides: it
 can be used to make thoroughgoing changes to the looks of the themes
 ([[#h:34c7a691-19bb-4037-8d2f-67a07edab150][Option for palette overrides]]).  We document everything at length in
 the pages of this manual and also provide ready-to-use code samples.
 
 Remember that all customization options must be evaluated before loading
 a theme ([[#h:3f3c3728-1b34-437d-9d0c-b110f5b161a9][Enable and load]]).  If the theme is already active, it must be
 reloaded for changes to take effect.
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; In all of the following, WEIGHT is a symbol such as `semibold',
 ;; `light', `bold', or anything mentioned in `modus-themes-weights'.
 (setq modus-themes-italic-constructs t
       modus-themes-bold-constructs nil
       modus-themes-mixed-fonts t
       modus-themes-variable-pitch-ui nil
       modus-themes-custom-auto-reload t
       modus-themes-disable-other-themes t
 
       ;; Options for `modus-themes-prompts' are either nil (the
       ;; default), or a list of properties that may include any of those
       ;; symbols: `italic', `WEIGHT'
       modus-themes-prompts '(italic bold)
 
       ;; The `modus-themes-completions' is an alist that reads two
       ;; keys: `matches', `selection'.  Each accepts a nil value (or
       ;; empty list) or a list of properties that can include any of
       ;; the following (for WEIGHT read further below):
       ;;
       ;; `matches'   :: `underline', `italic', `WEIGHT'
       ;; `selection' :: `underline', `italic', `WEIGHT'
       modus-themes-completions
       '((matches . (extrabold))
         (selection . (semibold italic text-also)))
 
       modus-themes-org-blocks 'gray-background ; {nil,'gray-background,'tinted-background}
 
       ;; The `modus-themes-headings' is an alist: read the manual's
       ;; node about it or its doc string.  Basically, it supports
       ;; per-level configurations for the optional use of
       ;; `variable-pitch' typography, a height value as a multiple of
       ;; the base font size (e.g. 1.5), and a `WEIGHT'.
       modus-themes-headings
       '((1 . (variable-pitch 1.5))
         (2 . (1.3))
         (agenda-date . (1.3))
         (agenda-structure . (variable-pitch light 1.8))
         (t . (1.1))))
 
 ;; Remember that more (MUCH MORE) can be done with overrides, which we
 ;; document extensively in this manual.
 #+end_src
 
 ** Option for reloading the theme on custom change
 :properties:
 :alt_title: Custom reload theme
 :description: Toggle auto-reload of the theme when setting custom variables
 :custom_id: h:9001527a-4e2c-43e0-98e8-3ef72d770639
 :end:
 #+vindex: modus-themes-custom-auto-reload
 
 Brief: Toggle reloading of the active theme when an option is changed
 through the Custom UI.
 
 Symbol: ~modus-themes-custom-auto-reload~ (=boolean= type)
 
 Possible values:
 
 1. ~nil~
 2. ~t~ (default)
 
 All theme user options take effect when a theme is loaded.  Any
 subsequent changes require the theme to be reloaded.
 
 When this variable has a non-~nil~ value, any change made via the Custom
 UI or related functions such as ~customize-set-variable~ and ~setopt~
 (Emacs 29), will trigger a reload automatically.
 
 With a ~nil~ value, changes to user options have no further consequences:
 the user must manually reload the theme ([[#h:3f3c3728-1b34-437d-9d0c-b110f5b161a9][Enable and load]]).
 
 ** Option for disabling other themes while loading Modus
 :properties:
 :alt_title: Disable other themes
 :description: Determine whether loading a Modus themes disables all others
 :custom_id: h:adb0c49a-f1f9-4690-868b-013a080eed68
 :end:
 #+vindex: modus-themes-disable-other-themes
 
 Brief: Disable all other themes when loading a Modus theme.
 
 Symbol: ~modus-themes-disable-other-themes~ (=boolean= type)
 
 Possible values:
 
 1. ~nil~
 2. ~t~ (default)
 
 When the value is non-~nil~, the commands ~modus-themes-toggle~ and
 ~modus-themes-select~, as well as the ~modus-themes-load-theme~
 function, will disable all other themes while loading the specified
 Modus theme ([[#h:4fbfed66-5a89-447a-a07d-a03f6819c5bd][Option for which themes to toggle]]).  This is done to
 ensure that Emacs does not blend two or more themes: such blends lead
 to awkward results that undermine the work of the designer.
 
 When the value is ~nil~, the aforementioned commands and function will
 only disable other themes within the Modus collection.
 
 This option is provided because Emacs themes are not necessarily
 limited to colors/faces: they can consist of an arbitrary set of
 customizations.  Users who use such customization bundles must set
 this variable to a ~nil~ value.
 
 ** Option for more bold constructs
 :properties:
 :alt_title: Bold constructs
 :description: Toggle bold constructs in code
 :custom_id: h:b25714f6-0fbe-41f6-89b5-6912d304091e
 :end:
 #+vindex: modus-themes-bold-constructs
 
 Brief: Use bold for code syntax highlighting and related.
 
 Symbol: ~modus-themes-bold-constructs~ (=boolean= type)
 
 Possible values:
 
 1. ~nil~ (default)
 2. ~t~
 
 The default is to use a bold typographic weight only when it is
 required.
 
 With a non-~nil~ value (~t~) display several syntactic constructs in
 bold weight.  This concerns keywords and other important aspects of
 code syntax.  It also affects certain mode line indicators and command
 prompts.
 
 Advanced users may also want to configure the exact attributes of the
 ~bold~ face.
 
 [[#h:2793a224-2109-4f61-a106-721c57c01375][Configure bold and italic faces]].
 
 ** Option for more italic constructs
 :properties:
 :alt_title: Italic constructs
 :description: Toggle italic font constructs in code
 :custom_id: h:977c900d-0d6d-4dbb-82d9-c2aae69543d6
 :end:
 #+vindex: modus-themes-italic-constructs
 
 Brief: Use italics for code syntax highlighting and related.
 
 Symbol: ~modus-themes-italic-constructs~ (=boolean= type)
 
 Possible values:
 
 1. ~nil~ (default)
 2. ~t~
 
 The default is to not use slanted text forms (italics) unless it is
 absolutely necessary.
 
 With a non-~nil~ value (~t~) choose to render more faces in italics.  This
 typically affects documentation strings and code comments.
 
 Advanced users may also want to configure the exact attributes of the
 ~italic~ face.
 
 [[#h:2793a224-2109-4f61-a106-721c57c01375][Configure bold and italic faces]].
 
 ** Option for which themes to toggle
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:4fbfed66-5a89-447a-a07d-a03f6819c5bd
 :END:
 #+vindex: modus-themes-to-toggle
 
 Brief: Choose to Modus themes to toggle between
 
 Symbol: ~modus-themes-to-toggle~ (=list= type)
 
 Default value: ='(modus-operandi modus-vivendi)=
 
 Possible values:
 
 - ~modus-operandi~
 - ~modus-vivendi~
 - ~modus-operandi-tinted~
 - ~modus-vivendi-tinted~
 - ~modus-operandi-deuteranopia~
 - ~modus-vivendi-deuteranopia~
 - ~modus-operandi-tritanopia~
 - ~modus-vivendi-tritanopia~
 
 Specify two themes to toggle between using the command
 ~modus-themes-toggle~.
 
 ** Option for font mixing
 :properties:
 :alt_title: Mixed fonts
 :description: Toggle mixing of font families
 :custom_id: h:115e6c23-ee35-4a16-8cef-e2fcbb08e28b
 :end:
 #+vindex: modus-themes-mixed-fonts
 
 Brief: Toggle the use of monospaced fonts for spacing-sensitive
 constructs (affects font families).
 
 Symbol: ~modus-themes-mixed-fonts~ (=boolean= type)
 
 Possible values:
 
 1. ~nil~ (default)
 2. ~t~
 
 When set to non-~nil~ (~t~), configure some spacing-sensitive faces like Org
 tables and code blocks to always inherit from the ~fixed-pitch~ face.
 This is to ensure that certain constructs like code blocks and tables
 remain monospaced even when users opt for a mode that remaps typeface
 families, such as the built-in {{{kbd(M-x variable-pitch-mode)}}}.  Otherwise
 the layout can appear broken, due to how spacing is done.
 
 For a consistent experience, user may need to specify the font family of
 the ~fixed-pitch~ face.
 
 [[#h:defcf4fc-8fa8-4c29-b12e-7119582cc929][Font configurations for Org and others]].
 
 ** Option for command prompt styles
 :properties:
 :alt_title: Command prompts
 :description: Control the style of command prompts
 :custom_id: h:db5a9a7c-2928-4a28-b0f0-6f2b9bd52ba1
 :end:
 #+vindex: modus-themes-prompts
 
 Brief: Control the style of command prompts (e.g. minibuffer, shell, IRC
 clients).
 
 Symbol: ~modus-themes-prompts~ (=choice= type, list of properties)
 
 Possible values are expressed as a list of properties (default is ~nil~ or
 an empty list).  The list can include any of the following symbols:
 
 + ~italic~
 + ~italic~
 + A font weight, which must be supported by the underlying typeface:
   - ~thin~
   - ~ultralight~
   - ~extralight~
   - ~light~
   - ~semilight~
   - ~regular~
   - ~medium~
   - ~semibold~
   - ~bold~
   - ~heavy~
   - ~extrabold~
   - ~ultrabold~
 
 The default (a ~nil~ value or an empty list) means to only use a subtle
 colored foreground color.
 
 The ~italic~ property adds a slant to the font's forms (italic or
 oblique forms, depending on the typeface).
 
 The symbol of a font weight attribute such as ~light~, ~semibold~, et
 cetera, adds the given weight to links.  Valid symbols are defined in
 the variable ~modus-themes-weights~.  The absence of a weight means
 that the one of the underlying text will be used.
 
 Combinations of any of those properties are expressed as a list, like in
 these examples:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (bold italic)
 (italic semibold)
 #+end_src
 
 The order in which the properties are set is not significant.
 
 In user configuration files the form may look like this:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq modus-themes-prompts '(extrabold italic))
 #+end_src
 
 [[#h:bd75b43a-0bf1-45e7-b8b4-20944ca8b7f8][Make prompts more or less colorful]].
 
 ** Option for completion framework aesthetics
 :properties:
 :alt_title: Completion UIs
 :description: Choose among several styles for completion UIs
 :custom_id: h:f1c20c02-7b34-4c35-9c65-99170efb2882
 :end:
 #+vindex: modus-themes-completions
 
 Brief: Set the overall style of completion framework interfaces.
 
 Symbol: ~modus-themes-completions~ (=alist= type properties)
 
 This affects Company, Corfu, Flx, Icomplete/Fido, Ido, Ivy, Orderless,
 Vertico, and the standard =*Completions*= buffer.  The value is an
 alist of expressions, each of which takes the form of =(KEY . LIST-OF-PROPERTIES)=.
 =KEY= is a symbol, while =PROPERTIES= is a list.  Here is a sample,
 followed by a description of the particularities:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq modus-themes-completions
       '((matches . (extrabold underline))
         (selection . (semibold italic))))
 #+end_src
 
 The ~matches~ key refers to the highlighted characters that correspond
 to the user's input.  When its properties are ~nil~ or an empty list,
 matching characters in the user interface will have a bold weight and
 a colored foreground.  The list of properties may include any of the
 following symbols regardless of the order they may appear in:
 
 - ~underline~ to draw a line below the characters;
 
 - ~italic~ to use a slanted font (italic or oblique forms);
 
 - The symbol of a font weight attribute such as ~light~,
   ~semibold~, et cetera.  Valid symbols are defined in the
   variable ~modus-themes-weights~.  The absence of a weight means
   that bold will be used.
 
 The ~selection~ key applies to the current line or currently matched
 candidate, depending on the specifics of the user interface.  When its
 properties are ~nil~ or an empty list, it has a subtle gray background,
 a bold weight, and the base foreground value for the text.  The list
 of properties it accepts is as follows (order is not significant):
 
 - ~underline~ to draw a line below the characters;
 
 - ~italic~ to use a slanted font (italic or oblique forms);
 
 - The symbol of a font weight attribute such as ~light~,
   ~semibold~, et cetera.  Valid symbols are defined in the
   variable ~modus-themes-weights~.  The absence of a weight means
   that bold will be used.
 
 Apart from specifying each key separately, a catch-all list is
 accepted.  This is only useful when the desired aesthetic is the same
 across all keys that are not explicitly referenced.  For example,
 this:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq modus-themes-completions
       '((t . (extrabold underline))))
 #+end_src
 
 Is the same as:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq modus-themes-completions
       '((matches . (extrabold underline))
         (selection . (extrabold underline))))
 #+end_src
 
 [[#h:d959f789-0517-4636-8780-18123f936f91][Make completion matches more or less colorful]].
 
 ** Option for org-mode block styles
 :properties:
 :alt_title: Org mode blocks
 :description: Choose among plain, gray, or tinted backgrounds
 :custom_id: h:b7e328c0-3034-4db7-9cdf-d5ba12081ca2
 :end:
 #+vindex: modus-themes-org-blocks
 
 As part of version =4.4.0=, the ~modus-themes-org-blocks~ is no more.
 Users can apply palette overrides to set a style that fits their
 preference (purple, blue, yellow, green, etc.). It is more flexible
 and more powerful ([[#h:f44cc6e3-b0f1-4a5e-8a90-9e48fa557b50][DIY Make Org block colors more or less colorful]])
 
 For the option to change the background of Org source blocks, we
 provide the relevant setup ([[#h:8c842804-43b7-4287-b4e9-8c07d04d1f89][DIY Use colored Org source blocks per language]]).
 
 ** Option for the headings' overall style
 :properties:
 :alt_title: Heading styles
 :description: Choose among several styles, also per heading level
 :custom_id: h:271eff19-97aa-4090-9415-a6463c2f9ae1
 :end:
 #+vindex: modus-themes-headings
 
 Brief: Heading styles with optional list of values per heading level.
 
 Symbol: ~modus-themes-headings~ (=alist= type, multiple properties)
 
 This is an alist that accepts a =(KEY . LIST-OF-VALUES)= combination.
 The =KEY= is either a number, representing the heading's level (0
 through 8) or ~t~, which pertains to the fallback style.  The named
 keys =agenda-date= and =agenda-structure= apply to the Org agenda.
 
 Level 0 is a special heading: it is used for what counts as a document
 title or equivalent, such as the =#+title= construct we find in Org
 files.  Levels 1-8 are regular headings.
 
 The =LIST-OF-VALUES= covers symbols that refer to properties, as
 described below.  Here is a complete sample with various stylistic
 combinations, followed by a presentation of all available properties:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq modus-themes-headings
       '((1 . (variable-pitch 1.5))
         (2 . (1.3))
         (agenda-date . (1.3))
         (agenda-structure . (variable-pitch light 1.8))
         (t . (1.1))))
 #+end_src
 
 Properties:
 
 + A font weight, which must be supported by the underlying typeface:
   - ~thin~
   - ~ultralight~
   - ~extralight~
   - ~light~
   - ~semilight~
   - ~regular~
   - ~medium~
   - ~semibold~
   - ~bold~ (default)
   - ~heavy~
   - ~extrabold~
   - ~ultrabold~
 + A floating point as a height multiple of the default or a cons cell in
   the form of =(height . FLOAT)=.
 
 By default (a ~nil~ value for this variable), all headings have a bold
 typographic weight and use a desaturated text color.
 
 A ~variable-pitch~ property changes the font family of the heading to that
 of the ~variable-pitch~ face (normally a proportionately spaced typeface).
 
 The symbol of a weight attribute adjusts the font of the heading
 accordingly, such as ~light~, ~semibold~, etc.  Valid symbols are
 defined in the variable ~modus-themes-weights~.  The absence of a weight
 means that bold will be used by virtue of inheriting the ~bold~ face.
 
 [[#h:2793a224-2109-4f61-a106-721c57c01375][Configure bold and italic faces]].
 
 A number, expressed as a floating point (e.g. 1.5), adjusts the height
 of the heading to that many times the base font size.  The default
 height is the same as 1.0, though it need not be explicitly stated.
 Instead of a floating point, an acceptable value can be in the form of a
 cons cell like =(height . FLOAT)= or =(height FLOAT)=, where FLOAT is
 the given number.
 
 Combinations of any of those properties are expressed as a list, like in
 these examples:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (semibold)
 (variable-pitch semibold 1.3)
 (variable-pitch semibold (height 1.3)) ; same as above
 (variable-pitch semibold (height . 1.3)) ; same as above
 #+end_src
 
 The order in which the properties are set is not significant.
 
 In user configuration files the form may look like this:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq modus-themes-headings
       '((1 . (variable-pitch 1.5))
         (2 . (1.3))
         (agenda-date . (1.3))
         (agenda-structure . (variable-pitch light 1.8))
         (t . (1.1))))
 #+end_src
 
 When defining the styles per heading level, it is possible to pass a
 non-~nil~ value (~t~) instead of a list of properties.  This will retain the
 original aesthetic for that level.  For example:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq modus-themes-headings
       '((1 . t)           ; keep the default style
         (2 . (semibold 1.2))
         (t . (rainbow)))) ; style for all other headings
 
 (setq modus-themes-headings
       '((1 . (variable-pitch 1.5))
         (2 . (semibold))
         (t . t))) ; default style for all other levels
 #+end_src
 
 Note that the text color of headings, of their background, and
 overline can all be set via the overrides.  It is possible to have any
 color combination for any heading level (something that could not be
 done in older versions of the themes).
 
 [[#h:34c7a691-19bb-4037-8d2f-67a07edab150][Option for palette overrides]].
 
 [[#h:11297984-85ea-4678-abe9-a73aeab4676a][Make headings more or less colorful]].
 
 ** Option for variable-pitch font in UI elements
 :properties:
 :alt_title: UI typeface
 :description: Toggle the use of variable-pitch across the User Interface
 :custom_id: h:16cf666c-5e65-424c-a855-7ea8a4a1fcac
 :end:
 #+vindex: modus-themes-variable-pitch-ui
 
 Brief: Toggle the use of proportionately spaced (~variable-pitch~) fonts
 in the User Interface.
 
 Symbol: ~modus-themes-variable-pitch-ui~ (=boolean= type)
 
 Possible values:
 
 1. ~nil~ (default)
 2. ~t~
 
 This option concerns User Interface elements that are under the direct
 control of Emacs.  In particular: the mode line, header line, tab bar,
 and tab line.
 
 The default is to use the same font as the rest of Emacs, which usually
 is a monospaced family.
 
 With a non-~nil~ value (~t~) apply a proportionately spaced typeface.  This
 is done by assigning the ~variable-pitch~ face to the relevant items.
 
 [[#h:defcf4fc-8fa8-4c29-b12e-7119582cc929][Font configurations for Org and others]].
 
 ** Option for palette overrides
 :properties:
 :alt_title: Palette overrides
 :description: Refashion color values and/or semantic color mappings
 :custom_id: h:34c7a691-19bb-4037-8d2f-67a07edab150
 :end:
 
 This section describes palette overrides in detail.  For a simpler
 alternative, use the presets we provide ([[#h:b0bc811c-227e-42ec-bf67-15e1f41eb7bc][Palette override presets]]).
 
 Each Modus theme specifies a color palette that declares named color
 values and semantic color mappings:
 
 + Named colors consist of a symbol and a string that specifies a
   hexadecimal RGB value.  For example: =(blue-warmer "#354fcf")=.
 
 + The semantic color mappings associate an abstract construct with a
   given named color from the palette, like =(heading-2 yellow-faint)=.
   Both elements of the list are symbols, though the ~cadr~ (value) can
   be a string that specifies a color, such as =(heading-2 "#354fcf")=.
 
 #+vindex: modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
 Both of those subsets can be overridden, thus refashioning the theme.
 Overrides are either shared, by being stored in the user option
 ~modus-themes-common-palette-overrides~, or they are specific to the
 theme they name.  In the latter case, the naming scheme of each
 palette variable is =THEME-NAME-palette-overrides=, thus yielding:
 
 #+vindex: modus-operandi-palette-overrides
 + ~modus-operandi-palette-overrides~
 
 #+vindex: modus-operandi-deuteranopia-palette-overrides
 + ~modus-operandi-deuteranopia-palette-overrides~
 
 #+vindex: modus-operandi-tinted-palette-overrides
 + ~modus-operandi-tinted-palette-overrides~
 
 #+vindex: modus-operandi-tritanopia-palette-overrides
 + ~modus-operandi-tritanopia-palette-overrides~
 
 #+vindex: modus-vivendi-palette-overrides
 + ~modus-vivendi-palette-overrides~
 
 #+vindex: modus-vivendi-deuteranopia-palette-overrides
 + ~modus-vivendi-deuteranopia-palette-overrides~
 
 #+vindex: modus-vivendi-tinted-palette-overrides
 + ~modus-vivendi-tinted-palette-overrides~
 
 #+vindex: modus-vivendi-tritanopia-palette-overrides
 + ~modus-vivendi-tritanopia-palette-overrides~
 
 Theme-specific overrides take precedence over the shared ones.  It is
 strongly advised that shared overrides do NOT alter color values, as
 those will not be appropriate for both dark and light themes.  Common
 overrides are best limited to the semantic color mappings as those use
 the color value that corresponds to the active theme (e.g. make the
 cursor =blue-warmer= in all themes, whatever the value of
 =blue-warmer= is in each theme).
 
 The value of any overrides' variable must mirror a theme's palette.
 Palette variables are named after their theme as =THEME-NAME-palette=.
 For example, the ~modus-operandi-palette~ is like this:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defconst modus-operandi-palette
     '(
 ;;; Basic values
 
       (bg-main     "#ffffff")
       (bg-dim      "#f0f0f0")
       (fg-main     "#000000")
 
       ;; ...
 
       (red         "#a60000")
       (red-warmer  "#972500")
       (red-cooler  "#a0132f")
       (red-faint   "#7f0000")
       (red-intense "#d00000")
 
       ;; ...
 
 ;;;; Mappings
 
       ;; ...
 
       (cursor fg-main)
       (builtin magenta-warmer)
       (comment fg-dim)
       (constant blue-cooler)
       (docstring green-faint)
       (fnname magenta)
       (keyword magenta-cooler)
 
       ;; ...
       ))
 #+end_src
 
 The ~modus-operandi-palette-overrides~ targets the entries that need
 to be changed.  For example, to make the main foreground color a dark
 gray instead of pure black, use a shade of red for comments, and apply
 a cyan hue to keywords:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq modus-operandi-palette-overrides
       '((fg-main "#333333")
         (comment red-faint)
         (keyword cyan-cooler)))
 #+end_src
 
 Changes take effect upon theme reload ([[#h:9001527a-4e2c-43e0-98e8-3ef72d770639][Custom reload theme]]).
 Overrides are removed by setting their variable to a ~nil~ value.
 
 The common accented foregrounds in each palette follow a predictable
 naming scheme: =HUE{,-warmer,-cooler,-faint,-intense}=.  =HUE= is one
 of the six basic colors: red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, cyan.
 
 Named colors that are meant to be used as backgrounds contain =bg= in
 their name, such as =bg-red-intense=.  While special purpose
 foregrounds that are meant to be combined with such backgrounds,
 contain =fg= in their name, such as =fg-removed= which complements
 =bg-removed=.
 
 Named colors can be previewed, such as with the command
 ~modus-themes-list-colors~ ([[#h:f4d4b71b-2ca5-4c3d-b0b4-9bfd7aa7fb4d][Preview theme colors]]).
 
 For a video tutorial that users of all skill levels can approach,
 watch: https://protesilaos.com/codelog/2022-12-17-modus-themes-v4-demo/.
 
 * Preview theme colors
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:f4d4b71b-2ca5-4c3d-b0b4-9bfd7aa7fb4d
 :end:
 #+cindex: Preview named colors or semantic color mappings
 
 #+findex: modus-themes-list-colors
 The command ~modus-themes-list-colors~ uses minibuffer completion to
 select an item from the Modus themes and then produces a buffer with
 previews of its color palette entries.  The buffer has a naming scheme
 that reflects the given choice, like =modus-operandi-list-colors= for
 the ~modus-operandi~ theme.
 
 #+findex: modus-themes-list-colors-current
 The command ~modus-themes-list-colors-current~ skips the minibuffer
 selection process and just produces a preview for the current Modus
 theme.
 
 When called with a prefix argument (=C-u= with the default key
 bindings), these commands will show a preview of the palette's
 semantic color mappings instead of the named colors.  In this context,
 "named colors" are entries that associate a symbol to a string color
 value, such as =(blue-warmer "#354fcf")=.  Whereas "semantic color
 mappings" associate a named color to a symbol, like =(string
 blue-warmer)=, thus making the theme render all string constructs in
 the =blue-warmer= color value ([[#h:34c7a691-19bb-4037-8d2f-67a07edab150][Option for palette overrides]]).
 
 #+findex: modus-themes-preview-colors
 #+findex: modus-themes-preview-colors-current
 Aliases for those commands are ~modus-themes-preview-colors~ and
 ~modus-themes-preview-colors-current~.
 
 Each row shows a foreground and background coloration using the
 underlying value it references.  For example a line with =#a60000= (a
 shade of red) will show red text followed by a stripe with that same
 color as a backdrop.
 
 The name of the buffer describes the given Modus theme and what the
 contents are, such as =*modus-operandi-list-colors*= for named colors
 and ==*modus-operandi-list-mappings*= for the semantic color mappings.
 
 * Use colors from the Modus themes palette
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:33460ae8-984b-40fd-8baa-383cc5fc2698
 :END:
 
 The Modus themes provide the means to access the palette of (i) the
 active theme or (ii) any theme in the Modus collection. These are
 useful for Do-It-Yourself customizations ([[#h:f4651d55-8c07-46aa-b52b-bed1e53463bb][Advanced customization]]),
 though it can also be helpful in other cases, such as to reuse a color
 value in some other application.
 
 - Function :: [[#h:1cc552c1-5f5f-4a56-ae78-7b69e8512c4e][Get a single color from the palette with ~modus-themes-get-color-value~]]
 - Macro :: [[#h:51ba3547-b8c8-40d6-ba5a-4586477fd4ae][Use theme colors in code with ~modus-themes-with-colors~]].
 
 ** Get a single color from the palette with ~modus-themes-get-color-value~
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:1cc552c1-5f5f-4a56-ae78-7b69e8512c4e
 :END:
 
 #+findex: modus-themes-get-color-value
 The fuction ~modus-themes-get-color-value~ can be called from Lisp to
 return the value of a color from the active Modus theme palette. It
 takea a =COLOR= argument and an optional =OVERRIDES=. It also accepts
 a third =THEME= argument, to get the color from the given theme.
 
 =COLOR= is a symbol that represents a named color entry in the
 palette ([[#h:f4d4b71b-2ca5-4c3d-b0b4-9bfd7aa7fb4d][Preview theme colors]]).
 
 If the value is the name of another color entry in the palette (so a
 mapping), this function recurs until it finds the underlying color
 value.
 
 With an optional =OVERRIDES= argument as a non-~nil~ value, it
 accounts for palette overrides. Else it reads only the default palette
 ([[#h:34c7a691-19bb-4037-8d2f-67a07edab150][Option for palette overrides]])
 
 With an optional =THEME= as a symbol among the ~modus-themes-items~
 (alias ~modus-themes-collection~), it uses the palette of that theme.
 Else it uses the current Modus theme.
 
 If =COLOR= is not present in the palette, this function returns the
 ~unspecified~ symbol, which is safe when used as a face attribute's
 value.
 
 An example with ~modus-operandi~ to show how this function behaves
 with/without overrides and when recursive mappings are introduced.
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Here we show the recursion of palette mappings.  In general, it is
 ;; better for the user to specify named colors to avoid possible
 ;; confusion with their configuration, though those still work as
 ;; expected.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((cursor red)
         (fg-mode-line-active cursor)
         (border-mode-line-active fg-mode-line-active)))
 
 ;; Ignore the overrides and get the original value.
 (modus-themes-get-color-value 'border-mode-line-active)
 ;; => "#5a5a5a"
 
 ;; Read from the overrides and deal with any recursion to find the
 ;; underlying value.
 (modus-themes-get-color-value 'border-mode-line-active :overrides)
 ;; => "#a60000"
 #+end_src
 
 ** Use theme colors in code with ~modus-themes-with-colors~
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:51ba3547-b8c8-40d6-ba5a-4586477fd4ae
 :end:
 #+cindex: Use colors from the palette anywhere
 
 [ Note that for common cases the following is not not needed.  Just rely on
   the comprehensive overrides we provide ([[#h:34c7a691-19bb-4037-8d2f-67a07edab150][Option for palette overrides]]). ]
 
 #+findex: modus-themes-with-colors
 Advanced users may want to apply many colors from the palette of the
 active Modus theme in their custom code. In such a case, retrieving
 each value with the function ~modus-themes-get-color-value~ is
 inefficient ([[#h:1cc552c1-5f5f-4a56-ae78-7b69e8512c4e][Get a single color from the palette]]). The Lisp macro
 ~modus-themes-with-colors~ provides the requisite functionality. It
 supplies the current theme's palette to the code called from inside of
 it. For example:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (modus-themes-with-colors
   (list blue-warmer magenta-cooler fg-added warning variable fg-heading-4))
 ;; => ("#354fcf" "#531ab6" "#005000" "#884900" "#005e8b" "#721045")
 #+end_src
 
 The above return value is for ~modus-operandi~ when that is the active
 theme. Switching to another theme and evaluating this code anew will
 return the relevant results for that theme (remember that since
 version 4, the Modus themes consist of many items ([[#h:f0f3dbcb-602d-40cf-b918-8f929c441baf][Overview]])). The
 same with ~modus-vivendi~ as the active theme:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (modus-themes-with-colors
   (list blue-warmer magenta-cooler fg-added warning variable fg-heading-4))
 ;; => ("#79a8ff" "#b6a0ff" "#a0e0a0" "#fec43f" "#00d3d0" "#feacd0")
 #+end_src
 
 The ~modus-themes-with-colors~ has access to the whole palette of the
 active theme, meaning that it can instantiate both (i) named colors
 like =blue-warmer= and (ii) semantic color mappings like =warning=.
 We provide commands to inspect those ([[#h:f4d4b71b-2ca5-4c3d-b0b4-9bfd7aa7fb4d][Preview theme colors]]).
 
 Others sections in this manual show how to use the aforementioned
 macro ([[#h:f4651d55-8c07-46aa-b52b-bed1e53463bb][Advanced customization]]). In practice, the use of a hook will
 also be needed ([[#h:d87673fe-2ce1-4c80-a4b8-be36ca9f2d24][DIY Use a hook at the post-load-theme phase]]).
 
 * Advanced customization
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:f4651d55-8c07-46aa-b52b-bed1e53463bb
 :end:
 
 Unlike the predefined customization options which follow a clear
 pattern of allowing the user to quickly specify their preference, the
 themes also provide a more flexible, albeit a bit more difficult,
 mechanism to control things with precision ([[#h:bf1c82f2-46c7-4eb2-ad00-dd11fdd8b53f][Customization Options]]).
 
 This section is of interest only to users who are prepared to maintain
 their own local tweaks and who are willing to deal with any possible
 incompatibilities between versioned releases of the themes. As such,
 they are labeled as "do-it-yourself" or "DIY".
 
 ** DIY Palette override presets
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:b0bc811c-227e-42ec-bf67-15e1f41eb7bc
 :END:
 
 This section shows how to refashion the themes by opting in to the
 stylistic presets we provide.  Those presets override the default
 color mappings to amplify, tone down, or refashion the overall
 coloration of the themes.
 
 To make almost all aspects of the themes less intense, use this:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Always remember to reload the theme for changes to take effect!
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides modus-themes-preset-overrides-faint)
 #+end_src
 
 #+vindex: modus-themes-preset-overrides-faint
 With ~modus-themes-preset-overrides-faint~ the grays are toned down,
 gray backgrounds are removed from some contexts, and almost all accent
 colors are desaturated.  It makes the themes less attention-grabbing.
 
 On the opposite end of the stylistic spectrum, we have this
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Always remember to reload the theme for changes to take effect!
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides modus-themes-preset-overrides-intense)
 #+end_src
 
 #+vindex: modus-themes-preset-overrides-intense
 The ~modus-themes-preset-overrides-intense~ makes many background
 colors accented instead of gray and increases coloration in a number
 of places.  Colors stand out more and are made easier to spot.
 
 #+vindex: modus-themes-preset-overrides-cooler
 #+vindex: modus-themes-preset-overrides-warmer
 For some stylistic variation try the "cooler" and "warmer" presets:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; This:
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides modus-themes-preset-overrides-cooler)
 
 ;; Or:
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides modus-themes-preset-overrides-warmer)
 #+end_src
 
 Note that the user is not limited to those presets.  The system of
 overrides we provide makes it possible to tweak the value of each
 individual named color and to change how values are assigned to
 semantic color mappings ([[#h:34c7a691-19bb-4037-8d2f-67a07edab150][Option for palette overrides]]).  Subsequent
 sections provide examples ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).
 
 It is also possible to use those presets as a basis and, for example,
 add to them code from the subsequent sections of this manual.  This is
 the general idea (extra space for didactic purposes):
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       `(
         ;; From the section "Make the mode line borderless"
         (border-mode-line-active unspecified)
         (border-mode-line-inactive unspecified)
 
         ;; From the section "Make matching parenthesis more or less intense"
         (bg-paren-match bg-magenta-intense)
         (underline-paren-match fg-main)
 
         ;; And expand the preset here.  Note that the ,@ works because
         ;; we use the backtick for this list, instead of a straight
         ;; quote.
         ,@modus-themes-preset-overrides-intense))
 #+end_src
 
 ** DIY Stylistic variants using palette overrides
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3
 :END:
 
 This section contains practical examples of overriding the palette of
 the themes ([[#h:34c7a691-19bb-4037-8d2f-67a07edab150][Option for palette overrides]]).  Users can copy the code to
 their init file, evaluate it, and then re-load the theme for changes
 to take effect.  To apply overrides at startup simply define them
 before the call that loads the theme.  Remember that we also provide
 presets that are easier to apply ([[#h:b0bc811c-227e-42ec-bf67-15e1f41eb7bc][Palette override presets]]).
 
 *** DIY Make the mode line borderless
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:80ddba52-e188-411f-8cc0-480ebd75befe
 :END:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).  To
 hide the border around the active and inactive mode lines, we need to
 set their color to that of the underlying background.
 
 [[#h:e8d781be-eefc-4a81-ac4e-5ed156190df7][Make the active mode line colorful]].
 
 [[#h:5a0c58cc-f97f-429c-be08-927b9fbb0a9c][Add padding to mode line]].
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Remove the border
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((border-mode-line-active unspecified)
         (border-mode-line-inactive unspecified)))
 
 ;; Keep the border but make it the same color as the background of the
 ;; mode line (thus appearing borderless).  The difference with the
 ;; above is that this version is a bit thicker because the border are
 ;; still there.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((border-mode-line-active bg-mode-line-active)
         (border-mode-line-inactive bg-mode-line-inactive)))
 #+end_src
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make the active mode line colorful
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:e8d781be-eefc-4a81-ac4e-5ed156190df7
 :END:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).
 Here we show some snippets that apply different stylistic variants.
 Of course, it is possible to use theme-specific overrides to, say,
 have a blue mode line for ~modus-operandi~ and a red one for
 ~modus-vivendi~.
 
 [[#h:80ddba52-e188-411f-8cc0-480ebd75befe][Make the mode line borderless]].
 
 [[#h:5a0c58cc-f97f-429c-be08-927b9fbb0a9c][Add padding to mode line]].
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Blue background, neutral foreground, intense blue border
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-mode-line-active bg-blue-intense)
         (fg-mode-line-active fg-main)
         (border-mode-line-active blue-intense)))
 
 ;; Subtle blue background, neutral foreground, intense blue border
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-mode-line-active bg-blue-subtle)
         (fg-mode-line-active fg-main)
         (border-mode-line-active blue-intense)))
 
 ;; Sage (green/cyan) background, neutral foreground, slightly distinct green border
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-mode-line-active bg-sage)
         (fg-mode-line-active fg-main)
         (border-mode-line-active bg-green-intense)))
 
 ;; As above, but with a purple style
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-mode-line-active bg-lavender)
         (fg-mode-line-active fg-main)
         (border-mode-line-active bg-magenta-intense)))
 
 ;; As above, but with an earthly style
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-mode-line-active bg-ochre)
         (fg-mode-line-active fg-main)
         (border-mode-line-active bg-yellow-intense)))
 #+end_src
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make the tab bar more or less colorful
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:096658d7-a0bd-4a99-b6dc-9b20a20cda37
 :END:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).
 Here we show how to affect the colors of the built-in ~tab-bar-mode~
 and ~tab-line-mode~.
 
 For consistent theme-wide results, consider changing the mode line,
 fringes, and line numbers.  These are shown in other sections of this
 manual.
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Make the `tab-bar-mode' mode subtle while keepings its original
 ;; gray aesthetic.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-tab-bar bg-main)
         (bg-tab-current bg-active)
         (bg-tab-other bg-dim)))
 
 ;; Like the above, but the current tab has a colorful background and
 ;; the inactive tabs have a slightly more noticeable gray background.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-tab-bar bg-main)
         (bg-tab-current bg-cyan-intense)
         (bg-tab-other bg-inactive)))
 
 ;; Make the tabs colorful, using a monochromatic pattern (e.g. shades
 ;; of cyan).
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-tab-bar bg-cyan-nuanced)
         (bg-tab-current bg-cyan-intense)
         (bg-tab-other bg-cyan-subtle)))
 
 ;; Like the above, but with a dichromatic pattern (cyan and magenta).
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-tab-bar bg-cyan-nuanced)
         (bg-tab-current bg-magenta-intense)
         (bg-tab-other bg-cyan-subtle)))
 #+end_src
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make the fringe invisible or another color
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:c312dcac-36b6-4a1f-b1f5-ab1c9abe27b0
 :END:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).
 Here we show how to make the fringe invisible or how to assign to it a
 different color.  The "fringe" is a small area to the right and left
 side of the Emacs window which shows indicators such as for truncation
 or continuation lines.
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Make the fringe invisible
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((fringe unspecified)))
 
 ;; Make the fringe more intense
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((fringe bg-active)))
 
 ;; Make the fringe colorful, but nuanced
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((fringe bg-blue-nuanced)))
 #+end_src
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make links use subtle or no underlines
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:6c1d1dea-5cbf-4d92-b7bb-570a7a23ffe9
 :END:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).  In
 this example, we showcase the special use of the ~unspecified~ symbol
 that underline mappings can read correctly.
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Subtle underlines
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((underline-link border)
         (underline-link-visited border)
         (underline-link-symbolic border)))
 
 ;; No underlines
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((underline-link unspecified)
         (underline-link-visited unspecified)
         (underline-link-symbolic unspecified)))
 #+end_src
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make prompts more or less colorful
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:bd75b43a-0bf1-45e7-b8b4-20944ca8b7f8
 :END:
 
 This section contains practical examples of overriding the palette of
 the themes ([[#h:34c7a691-19bb-4037-8d2f-67a07edab150][Option for palette overrides]]).  In the following code
 block we show how to add or remove color from prompts.
 
 [[#h:db5a9a7c-2928-4a28-b0f0-6f2b9bd52ba1][Option for command prompt styles]].
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Keep the background unspecified (like the default), but use a faint
 ;; foreground color.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((fg-prompt cyan-faint)
         (bg-prompt unspecified)))
 
 ;; Add a nuanced background to prompts that complements their foreground.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((fg-prompt cyan)
         (bg-prompt bg-cyan-nuanced)))
 
 ;; Add a yellow background and adjust the foreground accordingly.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((fg-prompt fg-main)
         (bg-prompt bg-yellow-subtle))) ; try to replace "subtle" with "intense"
 #+end_src
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make completion matches more or less colorful
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:d959f789-0517-4636-8780-18123f936f91
 :END:
 
 This section contains practical examples of overriding the palette of
 the themes ([[#h:34c7a691-19bb-4037-8d2f-67a07edab150][Option for palette overrides]]).   Here we demonstrate how
 to activate background coloration for completion matches.  We show
 three different degrees of intensity.
 
 [[#h:f1c20c02-7b34-4c35-9c65-99170efb2882][Option for completion framework aesthetics]].
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Add a nuanced background color to completion matches, while keeping
 ;; their foreground intact (foregrounds do not need to be specified in
 ;; this case, but we do it for didactic purposes).
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((fg-completion-match-0 blue)
         (fg-completion-match-1 magenta-warmer)
         (fg-completion-match-2 cyan)
         (fg-completion-match-3 red)
         (bg-completion-match-0 bg-blue-nuanced)
         (bg-completion-match-1 bg-magenta-nuanced)
         (bg-completion-match-2 bg-cyan-nuanced)
         (bg-completion-match-3 bg-red-nuanced)))
 
 ;; Add intense background colors to completion matches and adjust the
 ;; foregrounds accordingly.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((fg-completion-match-0 fg-main)
         (fg-completion-match-1 fg-main)
         (fg-completion-match-2 fg-main)
         (fg-completion-match-3 fg-main)
         (bg-completion-match-0 bg-blue-intense)
         (bg-completion-match-1 bg-yellow-intense)
         (bg-completion-match-2 bg-cyan-intense)
         (bg-completion-match-3 bg-red-intense)))
 
 ;; Like the above, but with subtle backgrounds.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((fg-completion-match-0 fg-main)
         (fg-completion-match-1 fg-main)
         (fg-completion-match-2 fg-main)
         (fg-completion-match-3 fg-main)
         (bg-completion-match-0 bg-blue-subtle)
         (bg-completion-match-1 bg-yellow-subtle)
         (bg-completion-match-2 bg-cyan-subtle)
         (bg-completion-match-3 bg-red-subtle)))
 #+end_src
 
 Adding to the above, it is possible to, say, reduce the number of
 colors to two:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; No backgrounds (like the default) and just use two colors.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((fg-completion-match-0 blue)
         (fg-completion-match-1 yellow)
         (fg-completion-match-2 blue)
         (fg-completion-match-3 yellow)
         (bg-completion-match-0 unspecified)
         (bg-completion-match-1 unspecified)
         (bg-completion-match-2 unspecified)
         (bg-completion-match-3 unspecified)))
 
 ;; Again, a two-color style but this time with backgrounds
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((fg-completion-match-0 blue)
         (fg-completion-match-1 yellow)
         (fg-completion-match-2 blue)
         (fg-completion-match-3 yellow)
         (bg-completion-match-0 bg-blue-nuanced)
         (bg-completion-match-1 bg-yellow-nuanced)
         (bg-completion-match-2 bg-blue-nuanced)
         (bg-completion-match-3 bg-yellow-nuanced)))
 #+end_src
 
 The user can mix and match to their liking.
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make comments yellow and strings green
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:26f53daa-0065-48dc-88ab-6a718d16cd95
 :END:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).  In
 previous versions of the themes, we provided an option for yellow-ish
 comments and green-ish strings.  For some users, those were still not
 good enough, as the exact values were hardcoded.  Here we show how to
 reproduce the effect, but also how to tweak it to one's liking.
 
 [[#h:c8767172-bf11-4c96-81dc-e736c464fc9c][Make code syntax use the old alt-syntax style]].
 
 [[#h:943063da-7b27-4ba4-9afe-f8fe77652fd1][Make use of alternative styles for code syntax]].
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Yellow comments and green strings like older versions of the Modus
 ;; themes
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((comment yellow-cooler)
         (string green-cooler)))
 
 ;; Faint yellow comments and a different shade of green for strings
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((comment yellow-faint)
         (string green-warmer)))
 
 ;; Green comments and yellow strings, because now the user has the
 ;; freedom to do it
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((comment green)
         (string yellow-cooler)))
 #+end_src
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make code syntax use the old alt-syntax style
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:c8767172-bf11-4c96-81dc-e736c464fc9c
 :END:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).  In
 this section we show how to reproduce what previous versions of the
 Modus themes provided as a stylistic alternative for code syntax.  The
 upside of using overrides for this purpose is that we can tweak the
 style to our liking, but first let's start with its recreation:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; The old "alt-syntax" (before version 4.0.0 of the Modus themes)
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((builtin magenta)
         (comment fg-dim)
         (constant magenta-cooler)
         (docstring magenta-faint)
         (docmarkup green-faint)
         (fnname magenta-warmer)
         (keyword cyan)
         (preprocessor cyan-cooler)
         (string red-cooler)
         (type magenta-cooler)
         (variable blue-warmer)
         (rx-construct magenta-warmer)
         (rx-backslash blue-cooler)))
 #+end_src
 
 The "alt-syntax" could optionally use green strings and yellow
 comments ([[#h:26f53daa-0065-48dc-88ab-6a718d16cd95][Make comments yellow and strings green]]):
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Same as above, but with yellow comments and green strings
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((builtin magenta)
         (comment yellow-faint)
         (constant magenta-cooler)
         (docstring green-faint)
         (docmarkup magenta-faint)
         (fnname magenta-warmer)
         (keyword cyan)
         (preprocessor cyan-cooler)
         (string green-cooler)
         (type magenta-cooler)
         (variable blue-warmer)
         (rx-construct magenta-warmer)
         (rx-backslash blue-cooler)))
 #+end_src
 
 The standard "alt-syntax" has red strings.  As such, it is interesting
 to experiment with faintly red colored comments:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Like the old "alt-syntax" but with faint red comments
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((builtin magenta)
         (comment red-faint)
         (constant magenta-cooler)
         (docstring magenta-faint)
         (docmarkup green-faint)
         (fnname magenta-warmer)
         (keyword cyan)
         (preprocessor cyan-cooler)
         (string red-cooler)
         (type magenta-cooler)
         (variable blue-warmer)
         (rx-construct magenta-warmer)
         (rx-backslash blue-cooler)))
 #+end_src
 
 The user can always mix and match styles to their liking.
 
 [[#h:943063da-7b27-4ba4-9afe-f8fe77652fd1][Make use of alternative styles for code syntax]].
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make use of alternative styles for code syntax
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:943063da-7b27-4ba4-9afe-f8fe77652fd1
 :END:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).  The
 idea here is to change how named colors are mapped to code syntax.
 Each of the following snippets give the ~modus-themes~ a different
 feel while editing code.
 
 Note that my ~modus-themes~ and ~ef-themes~ do not use the same
 palettes, so some things are different.  If you copy from the latter
 to the former, double-check that the entries exist in the given Modus
 theme palette.
 
 [[#h:26f53daa-0065-48dc-88ab-6a718d16cd95][Make comments yellow and strings green]].
 
 [[#h:c8767172-bf11-4c96-81dc-e736c464fc9c][Make code syntax use the old alt-syntax style]].
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Mimic `ef-night' theme (from my `ef-themes') for code syntax
 ;; highlighting, while still using the Modus colors (and other
 ;; mappings).
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((builtin green-cooler)
         (comment yellow-faint)
         (constant magenta-cooler)
         (fnname cyan-cooler)
         (keyword blue-warmer)
         (preprocessor red-warmer)
         (docstring cyan-faint)
         (string blue-cooler)
         (type magenta-cooler)
         (variable cyan)))
 
 ;; Mimic `ef-summer' theme (from my `ef-themes') for code syntax
 ;; highlighting, while still using the Modus colors (and other
 ;; mappings).
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((builtin magenta)
         (comment yellow-faint)
         (constant red-cooler)
         (fnname magenta-warmer)
         (keyword magenta-cooler)
         (preprocessor green-warmer)
         (docstring cyan-faint)
         (string yellow-warmer)
         (type cyan-warmer)
         (variable blue-warmer)))
 
 ;; Mimic `ef-bio' theme (from my `ef-themes') for code syntax
 ;; highlighting, while still using the Modus colors (and other
 ;; mappings).
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((builtin green)
         (comment yellow-faint)
         (constant blue)
         (fnname green-warmer)
         (keyword green-cooler)
         (preprocessor green)
         (docstring green-faint)
         (string magenta-cooler)
         (type cyan-warmer)
         (variable blue-warmer)))
 
 ;; Mimic `ef-trio-light' theme (from my `ef-themes') for code syntax
 ;; highlighting, while still using the Modus colors (and other
 ;; mappings).
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((builtin magenta-cooler)
         (comment yellow-faint)
         (constant magenta-warmer)
         (fnname blue-warmer)
         (keyword magenta)
         (preprocessor red-cooler)
         (docstring magenta-faint)
         (string green-cooler)
         (type cyan-cooler)
         (variable cyan-warmer)))
 #+end_src
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make matching parenthesis more or less intense
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:259cf8f5-48ec-4b13-8a69-5d6387094468
 :END:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).  In
 this code block we show how to change the background of matching
 delimiters when ~show-paren-mode~ is enabled.  We also demonstrate how
 to enable underlines for those highlights.
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Change the background to a shade of magenta
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-paren-match bg-magenta-intense)))
 
 ;; Enable underlines by applying a color to them
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-paren-match bg-magenta-intense)
         (underline-paren-match fg-main)))
 
 ;; Do not use any background color and instead apply an intense red
 ;; foreground.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-paren-match unspecified)
         (fg-paren-match red-intense)))
 #+end_src
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make box buttons more or less gray
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:4f6b6ca3-f5bb-4830-8312-baa232305360
 :END:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).  By
 default, the boxed buttons that appear in {{{kbd(M-x customize)}}} and
 related are distinct shades of gray.  The following set of overrides
 removes the gray from the active buttons and amplifies it for the
 inactive ones.
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-button-active bg-main)
         (fg-button-active fg-main)
         (bg-button-inactive bg-inactive)
         (fg-button-inactive "gray50")))
 #+end_src
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make TODO and DONE more or less intense
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:b57bb50b-a863-4ea8-bb38-6de2275fa868
 :END:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).
 Here we show how to affect just the =TODO= and =DONE= keywords that we
 encounter in Org buffers.  The idea is to make those pop out more or
 to subdue them.
 
 [[#h:11297984-85ea-4678-abe9-a73aeab4676a][Make headings more or less colorful]].
 
 [[#h:bb5b396f-5532-4d52-ab13-149ca24854f1][Make inline code in prose use alternative styles]].
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Increase intensity
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((prose-done green-intense)
         (prose-todo red-intense)))
 
 ;; Tone down intensity
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((prose-done green-faint)   ; OR replace `green-faint' with `olive'
         (prose-todo red-faint)))   ; OR replace `red-faint' with `rust'
 
 ;; Keep TODO at its default (so no override for it), but make DONE
 ;; gray.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((prose-done fg-dim)))
 #+end_src
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make headings more or less colorful
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:11297984-85ea-4678-abe9-a73aeab4676a
 :END:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).
 Here we show how to alter the looks of headings, such as in Org mode.
 Using overrides here offers far more flexibility than what we could
 achieve with previous versions of the themes: the user can mix and
 match styles at will.
 
 [[#h:b57bb50b-a863-4ea8-bb38-6de2275fa868][Make TODO and DONE more intense]].
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Apply more colorful foreground to some headings (headings 0-8).
 ;; Level 0 is for Org #+title and related.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((fg-heading-1 blue-warmer)
         (fg-heading-2 yellow-cooler)
         (fg-heading-3 cyan-cooler)))
 
 ;; Like the above, but with gradient colors
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((fg-heading-1 blue)
         (fg-heading-2 cyan)
         (fg-heading-3 green)))
 
 ;; Add color to level 1 heading, but use the main foreground for
 ;; others
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((fg-heading-1 blue)
         (fg-heading-2 fg-main)
         (fg-heading-3 fg-main)))
 
 ;; Apply colorful foreground, background, and overline (headings 0-8)
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((fg-heading-1 blue-warmer)
         (bg-heading-1 bg-blue-nuanced)
         (overline-heading-1 blue)))
 
 ;; Apply gray scale foreground, background, and overline (headings 0-8)
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((fg-heading-1 fg-main)
         (bg-heading-1 bg-dim)
         (overline-heading-1 border)))
 #+end_src
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make Org block colors more or less colorful
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:f44cc6e3-b0f1-4a5e-8a90-9e48fa557b50
 :end:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]). Here
 we show how to change the presentation of Org blocks (and other such
 blocks like Markdown fenced code sections, though the exact
 presentation depends on each major mode).
 
 The default style of Org blocks is a subtle gray background for the
 contents and for the delimiter lines (the =#+begin_= and =#+end_=
 parts). The text of the delimiter lines is a subtle gray foreground
 color.
 
 [[#h:bb5b396f-5532-4d52-ab13-149ca24854f1][Make inline code in prose use alternative styles]].
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Make code blocks (in Org, for example) use a more colorful style
 ;; for their delimiter lines as well as their contents.  Give this a
 ;; purple feel.  Make the delimiter lines distinct from the contents.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-prose-block-contents bg-magenta-nuanced)
         (bg-prose-block-delimiter bg-lavender)
         (fg-prose-block-delimiter fg-main)))
 
 ;; As above, but with a more blue feel.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-prose-block-contents bg-blue-nuanced)
         (bg-prose-block-delimiter bg-lavender)
         (fg-prose-block-delimiter fg-main)))
 
 ;; As above, but with a green feel.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-prose-block-contents bg-green-nuanced)
         (bg-prose-block-delimiter bg-sage)
         (fg-prose-block-delimiter fg-main)))
 
 ;; As above, but with a yellow/gold feel.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-prose-block-contents bg-yellow-nuanced)
         (bg-prose-block-delimiter bg-ochre)
         (fg-prose-block-delimiter fg-main)))
 
 ;; As above, but with a slightly more red feel.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-prose-block-contents bg-red-nuanced)
         (bg-prose-block-delimiter bg-ochre)
         (fg-prose-block-delimiter fg-main)))
 #+end_src
 
 The previous examples differentiate the delimiter lines from the
 block's contents. Though we can mimic the default aesthetic of a
 uniform background, while changing the applicable colors. Here are
 some nice combinations:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Solid green style.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-prose-block-contents bg-green-nuanced)
         (bg-prose-block-delimiter bg-green-nuanced)
         (fg-prose-block-delimiter green-warmer)))
 
 ;; Solid yellow style.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-prose-block-contents bg-yellow-nuanced)
         (bg-prose-block-delimiter bg-yellow-nuanced)
         (fg-prose-block-delimiter yellow-cooler)))
 
 ;; Solid cyan style.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-prose-block-contents bg-cyan-nuanced)
         (bg-prose-block-delimiter bg-cyan-nuanced)
         (fg-prose-block-delimiter cyan-cooler)))
 #+end_src
 
 [ Combine the above with a suitable mode line style for maximum effect
   ([[#h:e8d781be-eefc-4a81-ac4e-5ed156190df7][DIY Make the active mode line colorful]]). ]
 
 Finally, the following makes code blocks have no distinct background.
 The minimal styles are applied to the delimiter lines, which only use
 a subtle gray foreground. This was the default for the Modus themes up
 until version 4.3.0.
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Make code blocks more minimal, so that (i) the delimiter lines have
 ;; no background, (ii) the delimiter foreground is a subtle gray, and
 ;; (iii) the block contents have no distinct background either.  This
 ;; was the default in versions of the Modus themes before 4.4.0
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-prose-block-contents unspecified)
         (bg-prose-block-delimiter unspeficied)
         (fg-prose-block-delimiter fg-dim)))
 #+end_src
 
 [[#h:8c842804-43b7-4287-b4e9-8c07d04d1f89][DIY Use colored Org source blocks per language]].
 
 *** DIY Make Org agenda more or less colorful
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:a5af0452-a50f-481d-bf60-d8143f98105f
 :END:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).
 Here we provide three distinct code blocks.  The first adds
 alternative and more varied colors to the Org agenda (and related).
 The second uses faint coloration.  The third makes the agenda use
 various shades of blue.  Mix and match at will, while also combining
 these styles with what we show in the other chapters with practical
 stylistic variants.
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Make the Org agenda use alternative and varied colors.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((date-common cyan)   ; default value (for timestamps and more)
         (date-deadline red-warmer)
         (date-event magenta-warmer)
         (date-holiday blue) ; for M-x calendar
         (date-now yellow-warmer)
         (date-scheduled magenta-cooler)
         (date-weekday cyan-cooler)
         (date-weekend blue-faint)))
 #+end_src
 
 An example with faint coloration:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Make the Org agenda use faint colors.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((date-common cyan-faint) ; for timestamps and more
         (date-deadline red-faint)
         (date-event fg-alt) ; default
         (date-holiday magenta) ; default (for M-x calendar)
         (date-now fg-main) ; default
         (date-scheduled yellow-faint)
         (date-weekday fg-alt)
         (date-weekend fg-dim)))
 #+end_src
 
 A third example that makes the agenda more blue:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Make the Org agenda use more blue instead of yellow and red.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((date-common cyan) ; default value (for timestamps and more)
         (date-deadline blue-cooler)
         (date-event blue-faint)
         (date-holiday blue) ; for M-x calendar
         (date-now blue-faint)
         (date-scheduled blue)
         (date-weekday fg-main)
         (date-weekend fg-dim)))
 #+end_src
 
 Yet another example that also affects =DONE= and =TODO= keywords:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Change dates to a set of more subtle combinations.  Deadlines are a
 ;; shade of magenta, scheduled dates are a shade of green that
 ;; complements that of the deadlines, weekday headings use the main
 ;; foreground color while weekends are a shade of gray.  The DONE
 ;; keyword is a faint blue-gray while TODO is yellow.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((date-deadline magenta-warmer)
         (date-scheduled green-cooler)
         (date-weekday fg-main)
         (date-event fg-dim)
         (date-now blue)
         (prose-done fg-alt)
         (prose-todo yellow)))
 #+end_src
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make inline code in prose use alternative styles
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:bb5b396f-5532-4d52-ab13-149ca24854f1
 :END:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).  In
 the following code block we show how to affect constructs such as
 Org's verbatim, code, and macro entries.  We also provide mappings for
 tables, property drawers, tags, and code block delimiters, though we
 do not show every possible permutation.
 
 - [[#h:b57bb50b-a863-4ea8-bb38-6de2275fa868][Make TODO and DONE more or less intense]].
 - [[#h:f44cc6e3-b0f1-4a5e-8a90-9e48fa557b50][DIY Make Org block colors more or less colorful]].
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; A nuanced accented background, combined with a suitable foreground.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-prose-code bg-green-nuanced)
         (fg-prose-code green-cooler)
 
         (bg-prose-verbatim bg-magenta-nuanced)
         (fg-prose-verbatim magenta-warmer)
 
         (bg-prose-macro bg-blue-nuanced)
         (fg-prose-macro magenta-cooler)))
 
 ;; A more noticeable accented background, combined with a suitable foreground.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-prose-code bg-sage)
         (fg-prose-code green-faint)
 
         (bg-prose-verbatim bg-ochre)
         (fg-prose-verbatim red-faint)
 
         (bg-prose-macro bg-lavender)
         (fg-prose-macro blue-faint)))
 
 ;; Leave the backgrounds without a color and simply make the foregrounds more intense.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-prose-code unspecified)
         (fg-prose-code green-intense)
 
         (bg-prose-verbatim unspecified)
         (fg-prose-verbatim magenta-intense)
 
         (bg-prose-macro unspecified)
         (fg-prose-macro cyan-intense)))
 #+end_src
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make mail citations and headers more or less colorful
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:7da7a4ad-5d3a-4f11-9796-5a1abed0f0c4
 :END:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).  In
 this section we show how to change the coloration of email message
 headers and citations.  Before we show the code, this is the anatomy
 of a message:
 
 #+begin_example message
 From: Protesilaos <info@protesilaos.com>
 To: Modus-Themes Development <~protesilaos/modus-themes@lists.sr.ht>
 Subject: Test subject
 --- Headers above this line; message and citations below ---
 This is some sample text
 
 > > Older quote
 > Newer quote
 #+end_example
 
 We thus have the following:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Reduce the intensity of mail citations and headers
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((mail-cite-0 cyan-faint)
         (mail-cite-1 yellow-faint)
         (mail-cite-2 green-faint)
         (mail-cite-3 red-faint)
         (mail-part olive)
         (mail-recipient indigo)
         (mail-subject maroon)
         (mail-other slate)))
 
 ;; Make mail citations more intense; adjust the headers accordingly
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((mail-cite-0 blue)
         (mail-cite-1 yellow)
         (mail-cite-2 green)
         (mail-cite-3 magenta)
         (mail-part magenta-cooler)
         (mail-recipient cyan)
         (mail-subject red-warmer)
         (mail-other cyan-cooler)))
 
 ;; Make all citations faint and neutral; make most headers green but
 ;; use red for the subject lie so that it stands out
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((mail-cite-0 fg-dim)
         (mail-cite-1 fg-alt)
         (mail-cite-2 fg-dim)
         (mail-cite-3 fg-alt)
         (mail-part yellow-cooler)
         (mail-recipient green-cooler)
         (mail-subject red-cooler)
         (mail-other green)))
 #+end_src
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make the region preserve text colors, plus other styles
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:c8605d37-66e1-42aa-986e-d7514c3af6fe
 :END:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).
 Here we show how to make the region respect the underlying text colors
 or how to make the background more/less intense while combining it
 with an appropriate foreground value.
 
 [[#h:a5140c9c-18b2-45db-8021-38d0b5074116][Do not extend the region background]].
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; A background with no specific foreground (use foreground of
 ;; underlying text)
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-region bg-ochre) ; try to replace `bg-ochre' with `bg-lavender', `bg-sage'
         (fg-region unspecified)))
 
 ;; Subtle gray with a prominent blue foreground
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-region bg-dim)
         (fg-region blue-cooler)))
 
 ;; Intense magenta background combined with the main foreground
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-region bg-magenta-intense)
         (fg-region fg-main)))
 #+end_src
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make mouse highlights more or less colorful
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:b5cab69d-d7cb-451c-8ff9-1f545ceb6caf
 :END:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).  In
 the following code block we show how to affect the semantic color
 mapping that covers mouse hover effects and related highlights:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Make the background an intense yellow
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-hover bg-yellow-intense)))
 
 ;; Make the background subtle green
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-hover bg-green-subtle)))
 #+end_src
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make language underlines less colorful
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:03dbd5af-6bae-475e-85a2-cec189f69598
 :END:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).
 Here we show how to affect the color of the underlines that are used
 by code linters and prose spell checkers.
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Make the underlines less intense
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((underline-err red-faint)
         (underline-warning yellow-faint)
         (underline-note cyan-faint)))
 
 ;; Change the color-coding of the underlines
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((underline-err yellow-intense)
         (underline-warning magenta-intense)
         (underline-note green-intense)))
 #+end_src
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make line numbers use alternative styles
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:b6466f51-cb58-4007-9ebe-53a27af655c7
 :END:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).  In
 this section we show how to affect the ~display-line-numbers-mode~.
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Make line numbers less intense
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((fg-line-number-inactive "gray50")
         (fg-line-number-active fg-main)
         (bg-line-number-inactive unspecified)
         (bg-line-number-active unspecified)))
 
 ;; Like the above, but use a shade of red for the current line number
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((fg-line-number-inactive "gray50")
         (fg-line-number-active red-cooler)
         (bg-line-number-inactive unspecified)
         (bg-line-number-active unspecified)))
 
 ;; Make all numbers more intense, use a more pronounce gray
 ;; background, and make the current line have a colored background
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((fg-line-number-inactive fg-main)
         (fg-line-number-active fg-main)
         (bg-line-number-inactive bg-inactive)
         (bg-line-number-active bg-cyan-intense)))
 #+end_src
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make diffs use only a foreground
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:b3761482-bcbf-4990-a41e-4866fb9dad15
 :END:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).  In
 this section we show how to change diff buffers (e.g. in ~magit~) to
 only use color-coded text without any added background.  What we
 basically do is to disable the applicable backgrounds and then
 intensify the foregrounds.  Since the deuteranopia-optimized themes do
 not use the red-green color coding, we make an extra set of
 adjustments for them by overriding their palettes directly instead of
 just using the "common" overrides.
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Diffs with only foreground colors.  Word-wise ("refined") diffs
 ;; have a gray background to draw attention to themselves.
 (setq modus-themes-common-palette-overrides
       '((bg-added           unspecified)
         (bg-added-faint     unspecified)
         (bg-added-refine    bg-inactive)
         (fg-added           green)
         (fg-added-intense   green-intense)
 
         (bg-changed         unspecified)
         (bg-changed-faint   unspecified)
         (bg-changed-refine  bg-inactive)
         (fg-changed         yellow)
         (fg-changed-intense yellow-intense)
 
         (bg-removed         unspecified)
         (bg-removed-faint   unspecified)
         (bg-removed-refine  bg-inactive)
         (fg-removed         red)
         (fg-removed-intense red-intense)
 
         (bg-diff-context    unspecified)))
 
 ;; Because deuteranopia cannot use the typical red-yellow-green
 ;; combination, we need to arrange for a yellow-purple-blue sequence.
 ;; Notice that the above covers the "common" overrides, so we do not
 ;; need to reproduce the whole list of them.
 (setq modus-operandi-deuteranopia-palette-overrides
       '((fg-added           blue)
         (fg-added-intense   blue-intense)
 
         (fg-changed         magenta-cooler)
         (fg-changed-intense magenta-intense)
 
         (fg-removed         yellow-warmer)
         (fg-removed-intense yellow-intense)))
 
 (setq modus-vivendi-deuteranopia-palette-overrides
       '((fg-added           blue)
         (fg-added-intense   blue-intense)
 
         (fg-changed         magenta-cooler)
         (fg-changed-intense magenta-intense)
 
         (fg-removed         yellow)
         (fg-removed-intense yellow-intense)))
 #+end_src
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 *** DIY Make deuteranopia diffs red and blue instead of yellow and blue
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:16389ea1-4cb6-4b18-9409-384324113541
 :END:
 
 This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors
 of the Modus themes ([[#h:df1199d8-eaba-47db-805d-6b568a577bf3][Stylistic variants using palette overrides]]).  In
 this section we show how to implement a red+blue color coding for
 diffs in the themes ~modus-operandi-deuteranopia~ and
 ~modus-vivendi-deuteranopia~.  As those themes are optimized for users
 with red-green color deficiency, they do not use the typical red+green
 color coding for diffs, defaulting instead to yellow+blue which are
 discernible.  Users with deuteranomaly or, generally, those who like a
 different aesthetic, can use the following to make diffs use the
 red+yellow+blue color coding for removed, changed, and added lines
 respectively.  This is achieved by overriding the "changed" and
 "removed" entries to use the colors of regular ~modus-operandi~ and
 ~modus-vivendi~.
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq modus-operandi-deuteranopia-palette-overrides
       '((bg-changed         "#ffdfa9")
         (bg-changed-faint   "#ffefbf")
         (bg-changed-refine  "#fac090")
         (bg-changed-fringe  "#d7c20a")
         (fg-changed         "#553d00")
         (fg-changed-intense "#655000")
 
         (bg-removed         "#ffd8d5")
         (bg-removed-faint   "#ffe9e9")
         (bg-removed-refine  "#f3b5af")
         (bg-removed-fringe  "#d84a4f")
         (fg-removed         "#8f1313")
         (fg-removed-intense "#aa2222")))
 
 (setq modus-vivendi-deuteranopia-palette-overrides
       '((bg-changed         "#363300")
         (bg-changed-faint   "#2a1f00")
         (bg-changed-refine  "#4a4a00")
         (bg-changed-fringe  "#8a7a00")
         (fg-changed         "#efef80")
         (fg-changed-intense "#c0b05f")
 
         (bg-removed         "#4f1119")
         (bg-removed-faint   "#380a0f")
         (bg-removed-refine  "#781a1f")
         (bg-removed-fringe  "#b81a1f")
         (fg-removed         "#ffbfbf")
         (fg-removed-intense "#ff9095")))
 #+end_src
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 ** DIY More accurate colors in terminal emulators
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:fbb5e254-afd6-4313-bb05-93b3b4f67358
 :END:
 #+cindex: Color accuracy of terminal emulators
 
 [ This is based on partial information.  Please help verify and/or
   expand these findings. ]
 
 The graphical version of Emacs can reproduce color values accurately.
 Whereas things get more tricky when Emacs is used in a terminal
 emulator, because the terminals' own capabilities determine the number
 of colors that may be displayed: the Modus themes don't look as good in
 that case.
 
 There is, however, a way to instruct supported terminal emulators to use
 more accurate colors.  In a shell prompt type =toe -a | grep direct= to
 get a list of relevant terminfo entries.  There should be items such as
 =xterm-direct=, =alacritty-direct=, =kitty-direct=.  Once you find the one
 that corresponds to your terminal, call Emacs with an environment
 variable like =TERM=xterm-direct=.  Example that can be adapted to shell
 aliases:
 
 : TERM=xterm-direct emacsclient -nw
 
 Another example that can be bound to a key:
 
 : TERM=xterm-direct uxterm -e emacsclient -nw
 
 ** DIY Range of color with terminal emulators
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:6b8211b0-d11b-4c00-9543-4685ec3b742f
 :END:
 #+cindex: Pure white and pure black in terminal emulators
 
 [ This is based on partial information.  Please help verify and/or
   expand these findings. ]
 
 When Emacs runs in a non-windowed session its color reproduction
 capacity is framed or determined by the underlying terminal emulator
 ([[#h:fbb5e254-afd6-4313-bb05-93b3b4f67358][More accurate colors in terminal emulators]]).  Emacs cannot produce a
 color that lies outside the range of what the terminal's color palette
 renders possible.
 
 This is immediately noticeable when the terminal's first 16 codes do not
 include a pure black value for the =termcol0= entry and a pure white for
 =termcol15=.  Emacs cannot set the correct background (white for
 ~modus-operandi~; black for ~modus-vivendi~) or foreground (inverse of
 the background).  It thus falls back to the closest approximation, which
 seldom is appropriate for the purposes of the Modus themes.
 
 In such a case, the user is expected to update their terminal's color
 palette such as by adapting these resources ([[#h:f4d4b71b-2ca5-4c3d-b0b4-9bfd7aa7fb4d][Preview theme colors]]):
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ! Theme: modus-operandi
 ! Description: XTerm port of modus-operandi (Modus themes for GNU Emacs)
 ! Author: Protesilaos Stavrou, <https://protesilaos.com>
 xterm*background: #ffffff
 xterm*foreground: #000000
 xterm*color0:     #000000
 xterm*color1:     #a60000
 xterm*color2:     #005e00
 xterm*color3:     #813e00
 xterm*color4:     #0031a9
 xterm*color5:     #721045
 xterm*color6:     #00538b
 xterm*color7:     #bfbfbf
 xterm*color8:     #595959
 xterm*color9:     #972500
 xterm*color10:    #315b00
 xterm*color11:    #70480f
 xterm*color12:    #2544bb
 xterm*color13:    #5317ac
 xterm*color14:    #005a5f
 xterm*color15:    #ffffff
 
 ! Theme: modus-vivendi
 ! Description: XTerm port of modus-vivendi (Modus themes for GNU Emacs)
 ! Author: Protesilaos Stavrou, <https://protesilaos.com>
 xterm*background: #000000
 xterm*foreground: #ffffff
 xterm*color0:     #000000
 xterm*color1:     #ff8059
 xterm*color2:     #44bc44
 xterm*color3:     #d0bc00
 xterm*color4:     #2fafff
 xterm*color5:     #feacd0
 xterm*color6:     #00d3d0
 xterm*color7:     #bfbfbf
 xterm*color8:     #595959
 xterm*color9:     #ef8b50
 xterm*color10:    #70b900
 xterm*color11:    #c0c530
 xterm*color12:    #79a8ff
 xterm*color13:    #b6a0ff
 xterm*color14:    #6ae4b9
 xterm*color15:    #ffffff
 #+end_src
 
 ** DIY Per-theme customization settings
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:a897b302-8e10-4a26-beab-3caaee1e1193
 :end:
 
 If you prefer to maintain different customization options between the
 two themes, it is best you write your own functions that first set those
 options and then load the relevant theme.  The following code does
 exactly that by simply differentiating the two themes on the choice of
 bold constructs in code syntax (enabled for one, disabled for the
 other).
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defun my-demo-modus-operandi ()
   (interactive)
   (setq modus-themes-bold-constructs t) ; ENABLE bold
   (modus-themes-load-theme 'modus-operandi))
 
 (defun my-demo-modus-vivendi ()
   (interactive)
   (setq modus-themes-bold-constructs nil) ; DISABLE bold
   (modus-themes-load-theme 'modus-vivendi))
 
 (defun my-demo-modus-themes-toggle ()
   (if (eq (car custom-enabled-themes) 'modus-operandi)
       (my-demo-modus-vivendi)
     (my-demo-modus-operandi)))
 #+end_src
 
 Then assign ~my-demo-modus-themes-toggle~ to a key instead of the
 equivalent the themes provide.
 
 For a more elaborate design, it is better to inspect the source code of
 ~modus-themes-toggle~ and relevant functions.
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 ** DIY Do not extend the region background
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:a5140c9c-18b2-45db-8021-38d0b5074116
 :END:
 
 By the default, the background of the ~region~ face extends from the
 end of the line to the edge of the window.  To limit it to the end of
 the line, we need to override the face's =:extend= attribute.  Adding
 this to the Emacs configuration file will suffice:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Do not extend `region' background past the end of the line.
 (custom-set-faces
  '(region ((t :extend nil))))
 #+end_src
 
 [[#h:c8605d37-66e1-42aa-986e-d7514c3af6fe][Make the region preserve text colors, plus other styles]].
 
 ** DIY Add padding to the mode line
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:5a0c58cc-f97f-429c-be08-927b9fbb0a9c
 :END:
 
 [ Consider using the ~spacious-padding~ package from GNU ELPA (by
   Protesilaos) for more than just the mode line. ]
 
 Emacs faces do not have a concept of "padding" for the space between
 the text and its box boundaries.  We can approximate the effect by
 adding a =:box= attribute, making its border several pixels thick, and
 using the mode line's background color for it.  This way the thick
 border will not stand out and will appear as a continuation of the
 mode line.
 
 [[#h:51ba3547-b8c8-40d6-ba5a-4586477fd4ae][Use theme colors in code with modus-themes-with-colors]].
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defun my-modus-themes-custom-faces (&rest _)
   (modus-themes-with-colors
     (custom-set-faces
      ;; Add "padding" to the mode lines
      `(mode-line ((,c :box (:line-width 10 :color ,bg-mode-line-active))))
      `(mode-line-inactive ((,c :box (:line-width 10 :color ,bg-mode-line-inactive)))))))
 
 (add-hook 'modus-themes-after-load-theme-hook #'my-modus-themes-custom-faces)
 #+end_src
 
 [[#h:d87673fe-2ce1-4c80-a4b8-be36ca9f2d24][Using a hook at the post-load-theme phase]].
 
 The above has the effect of removing the border around the mode lines.
 In older versions of the themes, we provided the option for a padded
 mode line which could also have borders around it.  Those were not
 real border, however, but an underline and an overline.  Adjusting the
 above:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defun my-modus-themes-custom-faces (&rest _)
   (modus-themes-with-colors
     (custom-set-faces
      ;; Add "padding" to the mode lines
      `(mode-line ((,c :underline ,border-mode-line-active
                       :overline ,border-mode-line-active
                       :box (:line-width 10 :color ,bg-mode-line-active))))
      `(mode-line-inactive ((,c :underline ,border-mode-line-inactive
                                :overline ,border-mode-line-inactive
                                :box (:line-width 10 :color ,bg-mode-line-inactive)))))))
 
 ;; ESSENTIAL to make the underline move to the bottom of the box:
 (setq x-underline-at-descent-line t)
 
 (add-hook 'modus-themes-after-load-theme-hook #'my-modus-themes-custom-faces)
 #+end_src
 
 The reason we no longer provide this option is because it depends on a
 non-~nil~ value for ~x-underline-at-descent-line~.  That variable
 affects ALL underlines, including those of links.  The effect is
 intrusive and looks awkard in prose.
 
 As such, the Modus themes no longer provide that option but instead
 offer this piece of documentation to make the user fully aware of the
 state of affairs.
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 ** DIY Remap face with local value
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:7a93cb6f-4eca-4d56-a85c-9dcd813d6b0f
 :end:
 #+cindex: Remapping faces
 
 There are cases where we need to change the buffer-local attributes of a
 face.  This might be because we have our own minor mode that re-uses a
 face for a particular purpose, such as a line selection tool that
 activates ~hl-line-mode~, but we wish to keep it distinct from other
 buffers.  This is where ~face-remap-add-relative~ can be applied and may
 be combined with ~modus-themes-with-colors~ to deliver consistent results.
 
 [[#h:51ba3547-b8c8-40d6-ba5a-4586477fd4ae][Use theme colors in code with modus-themes-with-colors]].
 
 In this example we will write a simple interactive function that adjusts
 the background color of the ~region~ face.  This is the sample code:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defvar my-rainbow-region-colors
   (modus-themes-with-colors
     `((red . ,bg-red-subtle)
       (green . ,bg-green-subtle)
       (yellow . ,bg-yellow-subtle)
       (blue . ,bg-blue-subtle)
       (magenta . ,bg-magenta-subtle)
       (cyan . ,bg-cyan-subtle)))
   "Sample list of color values for `my-rainbow-region'.")
 
 (defun my-rainbow-region (color)
   "Remap buffer-local attribute of `region' using COLOR."
   (interactive
    (list
     (completing-read "Pick a color: " my-rainbow-region-colors)))
   (face-remap-add-relative
    'region
    `( :background ,(alist-get (intern color) my-rainbow-region-colors)
       :foreground ,(face-attribute 'default :foreground))))
 #+end_src
 
 When ~my-rainbow-region~ is called interactively, it prompts for a color
 to use.  The list of candidates is drawn from the car of each
 association in ~my-rainbow-region-colors~ (so "red", "green", etc.).
 
 To extend this principle, we may write wrapper functions that pass a
 color directly.  Those can be useful in tandem with hooks.  Consider
 this example:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defun my-rainbow-region-magenta ()
   (my-rainbow-region 'magenta))
 
 (add-hook 'diff-mode-hook #'my-rainbow-region-magenta)
 #+end_src
 
 Whenever we enter a ~diff-mode~ buffer, we now get a magenta-colored
 region.
 
 Perhaps you may wish to generalize those findings in to a set of
 functions that also accept an arbitrary face.  We shall leave the
 experimentation up to you.
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 ** DIY Font configurations for Org and others
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:defcf4fc-8fa8-4c29-b12e-7119582cc929
 :end:
 #+cindex: Font configurations
 
 [ Consider using the ~fontaine~ package from GNU ELPA (by Protesilaos)
   for all font-related configurations. ]
 
 The themes are designed to optionally cope well with mixed font
 configurations.  This mostly concerns ~org-mode~ and ~markdown-mode~, though
 expect to find it elsewhere like in ~Info-mode~.
 
 [[#h:115e6c23-ee35-4a16-8cef-e2fcbb08e28b][Option for font mixing]].
 
 In practice it means that the user can safely opt for a more
 prose-friendly proportionately spaced typeface as their default, while
 spacing-sensitive elements like tables and inline code always use a
 monospaced font, by inheriting from the ~fixed-pitch~ face.
 
 Users can try the built-in {{{kbd(M-x variable-pitch-mode)}}} to see the
 effect in action.
 
 To make everything use your desired font families, you need to configure
 the ~variable-pitch~ (proportional spacing) and ~fixed-pitch~ (monospaced)
 faces respectively.  It may also be convenient to set your main typeface
 by configuring the ~default~ face the same way.
 
 Put something like this in your initialization file (also consider
 reading the doc string of ~set-face-attribute~):
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Main typeface
 (set-face-attribute 'default nil :family "DejaVu Sans Mono" :height 110)
 
 ;; Proportionately spaced typeface
 (set-face-attribute 'variable-pitch nil :family "DejaVu Serif" :height 1.0)
 
 ;; Monospaced typeface
 (set-face-attribute 'fixed-pitch nil :family "DejaVu Sans Mono" :height 1.5)
 #+end_src
 
 Or employ the ~face-attribute~ function to read an existing value, such as
 if you want to make ~fixed-pitch~ use the font family of the ~default~ face:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (set-face-attribute 'fixed-pitch nil :family (face-attribute 'default :family))
 #+end_src
 
 The next section shows how to make those work in a more elaborate setup
 that is robust to changes between the Modus themes.
 
 [[#h:2793a224-2109-4f61-a106-721c57c01375][Configure bold and italic faces]].
 
 Note the differences in the ~:height~ property.  The ~default~ face must
 specify an absolute value, which is the point size × 10.  So if you want
 to use a font at point size =11=, you set the height to =110=.[fn:: ~:height~
 values do not need to be rounded to multiples of ten: the likes of =115=
 are perfectly valid—some typefaces will change to account for those
 finer increments.]  Whereas every other face must either not specify a
 height or have a value that is relative to the default, represented as a
 floating point.  If you use an integer, then that means an absolute
 height.  This is of paramount importance: it ensures that all fonts can
 scale gracefully when using something like the ~text-scale-adjust~ command
 which only operates on the base font size (i.e. the ~default~ face's
 absolute height).
 
 [[#h:e6c5451f-6763-4be7-8fdb-b4706a422a4c][Note for EWW and Elfeed fonts]].
 
 ** DIY Configure bold and italic faces
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:2793a224-2109-4f61-a106-721c57c01375
 :end:
 #+cindex: Bold and italic fonts
 
 [ Consider using the ~fontaine~ package from GNU ELPA (by Protesilaos)
   for all font-related configurations. ]
 
 The Modus themes do not hardcode a ~:weight~ or ~:slant~ attribute in the
 thousands of faces they cover.  Instead, they configure the generic
 faces called ~bold~ and ~italic~ to use the appropriate styles and then
 instruct all relevant faces that require emphasis to inherit from them.
 
 This practically means that users can change the particularities of what
 it means for a construct to be bold/italic, by tweaking the ~bold~ and
 ~italic~ faces.  Cases where that can be useful include:
 
 + The default typeface does not have a variant with slanted glyphs
   (e.g. Fira Mono/Code as of this writing on 2021-07-07), so the user
   wants to add another family for the italics, such as Hack.
 
 + The typeface of choice provides a multitude of weights and the user
   prefers the light one by default.  To prevent the bold weight from
   being too heavy compared to the light one, they opt to make ~bold~ use a
   semibold weight.
 
 + The typeface distinguishes between oblique and italic forms by
   providing different font variants (the former are just slanted
   versions of the upright forms, while the latter have distinguishing
   features as well).  In this case, the user wants to specify the font
   that applies to the ~italic~ face.
 
 To achieve those effects, one must first be sure that the fonts they use
 have support for those features.  It then is a matter of following the
 instructions for all typeface tweaks.
 
 [[#h:defcf4fc-8fa8-4c29-b12e-7119582cc929][Font configurations for Org and others]].
 
 In this example, we set the default font family to Fira Code, while we
 choose to render italics in the Hack typeface (obviously you need to
 pick fonts that work well together):
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (set-face-attribute 'default nil :family "Fira Code" :height 110)
 (set-face-attribute 'italic nil :family "Hack")
 #+end_src
 
 And here we play with different weights, using Source Code Pro:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (set-face-attribute 'default nil :family "Source Code Pro" :height 110 :weight 'light)
 (set-face-attribute 'bold nil :weight 'semibold)
 #+end_src
 
 To reset the font family, one can use this:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (set-face-attribute 'italic nil :family 'unspecified)
 #+end_src
 
 To ensure that the effects persist after switching between the Modus
 themes (such as with {{{kbd(M-x modus-themes-toggle)}}}), the user
 needs to write their configurations to a function and pass it to the
 ~modus-themes-after-load-theme-hook~ ([[#h:3f3c3728-1b34-437d-9d0c-b110f5b161a9][Enable and load]]).  This is
 necessary because themes set the styles of faces upon activation,
 overriding prior values where conflicts occur between the previous and
 the current states (otherwise changing themes would not be possible).
 
 [[#h:86f6906b-f090-46cc-9816-1fe8aeb38776][A theme-agnostic hook for theme loading]].
 
 This is a minimal setup to preserve font configurations across theme
 load phases.  For a more permanent setup, it is better to rely on the
 ~custom-set-faces~ function: ~set-face-attribute~ works just fine, though it
 probably is better suited for quick previews or for smaller scale
 operations (~custom-set-faces~ follows the format used in the source code
 of the themes, which can make it easier to redefine faces in bulk).
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; our generic function
 (defun my-modes-themes-bold-italic-faces (&rest _)
   (set-face-attribute 'default nil :family "Source Code Pro" :height 110)
   (set-face-attribute 'bold nil :weight 'semibold))
 
 ;; or use this if you configure a lot of face and attributes and
 ;; especially if you plan to use `modus-themes-with-colors', as shown
 ;; elsewhere in the manual
 (defun my-modes-themes-bold-italic-faces (&rest _)
   (custom-set-faces
    '(default ((t :family "Source Code Pro" :height 110)))
    '(bold ((t :weight semibold)))))
 
 ;; and here is the hook
 (add-hook 'modus-themes-after-load-theme-hook #'my-modes-themes-bold-italic-faces)
 #+end_src
 
 [[#h:51ba3547-b8c8-40d6-ba5a-4586477fd4ae][Use theme colors in code with modus-themes-with-colors]].
 
 [[#h:d87673fe-2ce1-4c80-a4b8-be36ca9f2d24][Using a hook at the post-load-theme phase]].
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 ** DIY Custom Org todo keyword and priority faces
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:89f0678d-c5c3-4a57-a526-668b2bb2d7ad
 :end:
 #+cindex: Org custom todo faces
 
 Users of ~org-mode~ have the option to configure various keywords and
 priority cookies to better match their workflow.  User options are
 ~org-todo-keyword-faces~ and ~org-priority-faces~.
 
 As those are meant to be custom faces, it is futile to have the themes
 guess what each user wants to use, which keywords to target, and so on.
 Instead, we can provide guidelines on how to customize things to one's
 liking with the intent of retaining the overall aesthetic of the themes.
 
 Please bear in mind that the end result of those is not controlled by
 the active Modus theme but by how Org maps faces to its constructs.
 Editing those while ~org-mode~ is active requires re-initialization of the
 mode with {{{kbd(M-x org-mode-restart)}}} for changes to take effect.
 
 Let us assume you wish to visually differentiate your keywords.  You
 have something like this:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq org-todo-keywords
       '((sequence "TODO(t)" "|" "DONE(D)" "CANCEL(C)")
         (sequence "MEET(m)" "|" "MET(M)")
         (sequence "STUDY(s)" "|" "STUDIED(S)")
         (sequence "WRITE(w)" "|" "WROTE(W)")))
 #+end_src
 
 You could then use a variant of the following to inherit from a face
 that uses the styles you want and also to preserve the attributes
 applied by the ~org-todo~ face (in case there is a difference between
 the two):
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq org-todo-keyword-faces
       '(("MEET" . (:inherit (bold org-todo)))
         ("STUDY" . (:inherit (warning org-todo)))
         ("WRITE" . (:inherit (shadow org-todo)))))
 #+end_src
 
 This will refashion the keywords you specify, while letting the other
 items in ~org-todo-keywords~ use their original styles, which are
 defined in the ~org-todo~ and ~org-done~ faces.
 
 If you want back the defaults, try specifying just the ~org-todo~ face:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq org-todo-keyword-faces
       '(("MEET" . org-todo)
         ("STUDY" . org-todo)
         ("WRITE" . org-todo)))
 #+end_src
 
 Or set ~org-todo-keyword-faces~ to ~nil~.
 
 When you inherit from multiple faces, you need to do it the way it is
 shown further above.  The order is significant: the first entry is
 applied on top of the second, overriding any attributes that are
 explicitly set for both of them: any attribute that is not specified
 is not overridden, so, for example, if ~org-todo~ has a background and
 a foreground, while ~font-lock-type-face~ only has a foreground, the
 merged face will include the background of the former and the
 foreground of the latter.  If you do not want to blend multiple faces,
 you only specify one by name without parentheses or an =:inherit=
 keyword.  A pattern of =keyword . face= will suffice.
 
 Both approaches can be used simultaneously, as illustrated in this
 configuration of the priority cookies:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq org-priority-faces
       '((?A . (:inherit (bold org-priority)))
         (?B . org-priority)
         (?C . (:inherit (shadow org-priority)))))
 #+end_src
 
 To find all the faces that are loaded in your current Emacs session, use
 {{{kbd(M-x list-faces-display)}}}.  Try {{{kbd(M-x describe-variable)}}} as well and
 then specify the name of each of those Org variables demonstrated above.
 Their documentation strings will offer you further guidance.
 
 Recall that the themes let you retrieve a color from their palette.  Do
 it if you plan to control face attributes.
 
 [[#h:02e25930-e71a-493d-828a-8907fc80f874][Check color combinations]].
 
 ** DIY Custom Org emphasis faces
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:26026302-47f4-4471-9004-9665470e7029
 :end:
 #+cindex: Org custom emphasis faces
 
 Org provides the user option ~org-emphasis-alist~ which associates a
 character with a face, list of faces, or face attributes.  The default
 specification of that variable looks like this:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq org-emphasis-alist
       '(("*" bold)
         ("/" italic)
         ("_" underline)
         ("=" org-verbatim verbatim)
         ("~" org-code verbatim)
         ("+" (:strike-through t))))
 #+end_src
 
 With the exception of ~org-verbatim~ and ~org-code~ faces, everything else
 uses the corresponding type of emphasis: a bold typographic weight, or
 italicised, underlined, and struck through text.
 
 The best way for users to add some extra attributes, such as a
 foreground color, is to define their own faces and assign them to the
 given emphasis marker/character.
 
 This is a custom face that extends the standard ~bold~ face with a red
 foreground value (so it colorises the text in addition to the bold
 weight):
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defface my-org-emphasis-bold
   '((default :inherit bold)
     (((class color) (min-colors 88) (background light))
      :foreground "#a60000")
     (((class color) (min-colors 88) (background dark))
      :foreground "#ff8059"))
   "My bold emphasis for Org.")
 #+end_src
 
 This face definition reads as follows:
 
 + Always inherit the ~bold~ face ([[#h:2793a224-2109-4f61-a106-721c57c01375][Configure bold and italic faces]]).
 + For versions of Emacs that support at least 88 colors (graphical
   Emacs, for example) and use a light background, apply the =#a60000=
   value.
 + For the same kind of Emacs that has a dark background use the =#ff8059=
   color instead.
 
 Same principle for how to extend ~italic~ and ~underline~ with, for example,
 green and yellow hues, respectively:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defface my-org-emphasis-italic
   '((default :inherit italic)
     (((class color) (min-colors 88) (background light))
      :foreground "#005e00")
     (((class color) (min-colors 88) (background dark))
      :foreground "#44bc44"))
   "My italic emphasis for Org.")
 
 (defface my-org-emphasis-underline
   '((default :inherit underline)
     (((class color) (min-colors 88) (background light))
      :foreground "#813e00")
     (((class color) (min-colors 88) (background dark))
      :foreground "#d0bc00"))
   "My underline emphasis for Org.")
 #+end_src
 
 In the case of a strike-through effect, we have no generic face to
 inherit from, so we can write it as follows to also change the
 foreground to a more subtle gray:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defface my-org-emphasis-strike-through
   '((default :strike-through t)
     (((class color) (min-colors 88) (background light))
      :foreground "#505050")
     (((class color) (min-colors 88) (background dark))
      :foreground "#a8a8a8"))
   "My strike-through emphasis for Org.")
 #+end_src
 
 Or we can just change the color of the line that strikes through the
 text to, for example, a shade of red:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defface my-org-emphasis-strike-through
   '((((class color) (min-colors 88) (background light))
      :strike-through "#972500")
     (((class color) (min-colors 88) (background dark))
      :strike-through "#ef8b50"))
   "My strike-through emphasis for Org.")
 #+end_src
 
 It is possible to combine those effects:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defface my-org-emphasis-strike-through
   '((((class color) (min-colors 88) (background light))
      :strike-through "#972500" :foreground "#505050")
     (((class color) (min-colors 88) (background dark))
      :strike-through "#ef8b50" :foreground "#a8a8a8"))
   "My strike-through emphasis for Org.")
 #+end_src
 
 One may inspect the variables ~modus-themes-operandi-colors~ and
 ~modus-themes-vivendi-colors~ for possible color values.  Or call the
 command ~modus-themes-list-colors~ to show a buffer that previews each
 entry in the palette.
 
 [[#h:f4d4b71b-2ca5-4c3d-b0b4-9bfd7aa7fb4d][Visualize the active Modus theme's palette]].
 
 Once we have defined the faces we need, we must update the
 ~org-emphasis-alist~.  Given that ~org-verbatim~ and ~org-code~ are already
 styled by the themes, it probably is best not to edit them:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq org-emphasis-alist
       '(("*" my-org-emphasis-bold)
         ("/" my-org-emphasis-italic)
         ("_" my-org-emphasis-underline)
         ("=" org-verbatim verbatim)
         ("~" org-code verbatim)
         ("+" my-org-emphasis-strike-through)))
 #+end_src
 
 That's it!  For changes to take effect in already visited Org files,
 invoke {{{kbd(M-x org-mode-restart)}}}.
 
 ** DIY Use colored Org source blocks per language
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:8c842804-43b7-4287-b4e9-8c07d04d1f89
 :END:
 
 [[#h:f44cc6e3-b0f1-4a5e-8a90-9e48fa557b50][DIY Make Org block colors more or less colorful]].
 
 In versions of the Modus themes before =4.4.0= there was an option to
 change the coloration of Org source blocks so that certain languages
 would have a distinctly colored background. This was not flexible
 enough, because (i) we cannot cover all languages effectively and (ii)
 the user had no choice over the =language --> color= mapping.
 
 As such, the old user option is no more. Users can use the following
 to achieve what they want:
 
 [ All this is done by setting the Org user option ~org-src-block-faces~,
   so it is not related to the palette overrides mechanism provided by
   the Modus themes. ]
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defun my-modus-themes-org-block-faces (&rest _)
   (modus-themes-with-colors
     ;; The `org-src-block-faces' does not get re-applied in existing
     ;; Org buffers.  Do M-x org-mode-restart for changes to take
     ;; effect.
     (setq org-src-block-faces
           `(("emacs-lisp" modus-themes-nuanced-magenta)
             ("elisp" modus-themes-nuanced-magenta)
             ("clojure" modus-themes-nuanced-magenta)
             ("clojurescript" modus-themes-nuanced-magenta)
             ("c" modus-themes-nuanced-blue)
             ("c++" modus-themes-nuanced-blue)
             ("sh" modus-themes-nuanced-yellow)
             ("shell" modus-themes-nuanced-yellow)
             ("python" modus-themes-nuanced-yellow)
             ("ipython" modus-themes-nuanced-yellow)
             ("r" modus-themes-nuanced-yellow)
             ("html" modus-themes-nuanced-green)
             ("xml" modus-themes-nuanced-green)
             ("css" modus-themes-nuanced-red)
             ("scss" modus-themes-nuanced-red)
             ("yaml" modus-themes-nuanced-cyan)
             ("conf" modus-themes-nuanced-cyan)
             ("docker" modus-themes-nuanced-cyan)))))
 
 (add-hook 'modus-themes-after-load-theme-hook #'my-modus-themes-org-block-faces)
 #+end_src
 
 [[#h:d87673fe-2ce1-4c80-a4b8-be36ca9f2d24][DIY Use a hook at the post-load-theme phase]].
 
 Note that the ~org-src-block-faces~ accepts a named face, as shown
 above, as well as a list of face attributes. The latter approach is
 not good enough because it hardcodes values in such a way that an
 ~org-mode-restart~ is necessary. Whereas the indirection of the named
 face lets the theme change the values while Org buffers continue to
 show the right colors.
 
 Still, if a user prefers to hardcode face attributes, here is the
 idea:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; This is for the sake of completeness.  I DO NOT RECOMMEND THIS
 ;; method because it hardcodes values and thus requires
 ;; `org-mode-restart' every time you change a theme.
 (defun my-modus-themes-org-block-faces (&rest _)
   (modus-themes-with-colors
     (setq org-src-block-faces
           `(("emacs-lisp" (:inherit org-block :background ,bg-magenta-nuanced))
             ("elisp" (:inherit org-block :background ,bg-magenta-nuanced))
             ("clojure" (:inherit org-block :background ,bg-magenta-nuanced))
             ("clojurescript" (:inherit org-block :background ,bg-magenta-nuanced))
             ("c" (:inherit org-block :background ,bg-blue-nuanced))
             ("c++" (:inherit org-block :background ,bg-blue-nuanced))
             ("sh" (:inherit org-block :background ,bg-yellow-nuanced))
             ("shell" (:inherit org-block :background ,bg-yellow-nuanced))
             ("python" (:inherit org-block :background ,bg-yellow-nuanced))
             ("ipython" (:inherit org-block :background ,bg-yellow-nuanced))
             ("r" (:inherit org-block :background ,bg-yellow-nuanced))
             ("html" (:inherit org-block :background ,bg-green-nuanced))
             ("xml" (:inherit org-block :background ,bg-green-nuanced))
             ("css" (:inherit org-block :background ,bg-red-nuanced))
             ("scss" (:inherit org-block :background ,bg-red-nuanced))
             ("yaml" (:inherit org-block :background ,bg-cyan-nuanced))
             ("conf" (:inherit org-block :background ,bg-cyan-nuanced))
             ("docker" (:inherit org-block :background ,bg-cyan-nuanced))))))
 
 (add-hook 'modus-themes-after-load-theme-hook #'my-modus-themes-org-block-faces)
 #+end_src
 
 ** DIY Measure color contrast
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:02e25930-e71a-493d-828a-8907fc80f874
 :end:
 #+findex: modus-themes-contrast
 #+findex: modus-themes-wcag-formula
 #+cindex: Color contrast
 
 The themes provide the functions ~modus-themes-wcag-formula~ and
 ~modus-themes-contrast~.  The former is a direct implementation of the
 WCAG formula: <https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/G18.html>.  It
 calculates the relative luminance of a color value that is expressed in
 hexadecimal RGB notation.  While the latter function is just a
 convenient wrapper for comparing the relative luminance between two
 colors.
 
 In practice, one needs to work only with ~modus-themes-contrast~.  It
 accepts two color values and returns their contrast ratio.  Values range
 from 1 to 21 (lowest to highest).  The themes are designed to always be
 equal or higher than 7 for each combination of background and foreground
 that they use (this is the WCAG AAA standard---the most demanding of its
 kind).
 
 A couple of examples (rounded numbers):
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Pure white with pure green
 (modus-themes-contrast "#ffffff" "#00ff00")
 ;; => 1.37
 ;; That is an outright inaccessible combo
 
 ;; Pure black with pure green
 (modus-themes-contrast "#000000" "#00ff00")
 ;; => 15.3
 ;; That is a highly accessible combo
 #+end_src
 
 It does not matter which color value comes first.  The ratio is always
 the same.
 
 If one does not wish to read all the decimal points, it is possible to
 try something like this:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (format "%0.2f" (modus-themes-contrast "#000000" "#00ff00"))
 #+end_src
 
 While it is fine to perform such calculations on a case-by-case basis,
 it is preferable to implement formulas and tables for more demanding
 tasks.  Such instruments are provided by ~org-mode~ or ~orgtbl-mode~, both
 of which are built into Emacs.  Below is such a table that derives the
 contrast ratio of all colors in the first column (pure red, green, blue)
 relative to the color specified in the first row of the second column
 (pure white) and rounds the results:
 
 #+begin_example
 |         | #ffffff |
 |---------+---------|
 | #ff0000 |    4.00 |
 | #00ff00 |    1.37 |
 | #0000ff |    8.59 |
 #+tblfm: $2='(modus-themes-contrast $1 @1$2);%0.2f
 #+end_example
 
 To measure color contrast one needs to start from a known value.  This
 typically is the background.  The Modus themes define an expanded
 palette in large part because certain colors are only meant to be used
 in combination with some others.  Consult the source code for the
 minutia and relevant commentary.
 
 Such knowledge may prove valuable while attempting to customize the
 theme's color palette.
 
 ** DIY Load theme depending on time of day
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:1d1ef4b4-8600-4a09-993c-6de3af0ddd26
 :end:
 
 While we do provide ~modus-themes-toggle~ to manually switch between the
 themes, users may also set up their system to perform such a task
 automatically at sunrise and sunset.
 
 This can be accomplished by specifying the coordinates of one's
 location using the built-in {{{file(solar.el)}}} and then configuring
 the ~circadian~ package:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (use-package solar                      ; built-in
   :config
   (setq calendar-latitude 35.17
         calendar-longitude 33.36))
 
 (use-package circadian                  ; you need to install this
   :ensure t
   :after solar
   :config
   (setq circadian-themes '((:sunrise . modus-operandi)
                            (:sunset  . modus-vivendi)))
   (circadian-setup))
 #+end_src
 
 ** DIY Backdrop for pdf-tools
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:ff69dfe1-29c0-447a-915c-b5ff7c5509cd
 :end:
 #+cindex: Remapping pdf-tools backdrop
 
 Most PDF files use a white background for their page, making it
 impossible to discern the file's boundaries in the buffer while using
 the Modus Operandi theme.  To introduce a distinction between the
 buffer's backdrop and the PDF page's background, the former must be
 rendered as some shade of gray.  Ideally, ~pdf-tools~ would provide a face
 that the themes could support directly, though this does not seem to be
 the case for the time being.  We must thus employ the face remapping
 technique that is documented elsewhere in this document to change the
 buffer-local value of the ~default~ face.
 
 [[#h:7a93cb6f-4eca-4d56-a85c-9dcd813d6b0f][Remap face with local value]].
 
 To remap the buffer's backdrop, we start with a function like this one:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defun my-pdf-tools-backdrop (&rest _)
   (modus-themes-with-colors
     (face-remap-add-relative
      'default
      `(:background ,bg-dim))))
 
 (add-hook 'pdf-tools-enabled-hook #'my-pdf-tools-backdrop)
 #+end_src
 
 The idea is to assign that function to a hook that gets called when
 ~pdf-tools~ renders the document: ~pdf-tools-enabled-hook~.  This is enough
 when you only use one theme.  However it has the downside of setting the
 background color value only at render time.  In other words, the face
 remapping function does not get evaluated anew whenever the theme
 changes, such as upon invoking {{{kbd(M-x modus-themes-toggle)}}}
 ([[#h:4fbfed66-5a89-447a-a07d-a03f6819c5bd][Option for which themes to toggle]]).
 
 To have our face remapping adapt gracefully while switching between the
 Modus themes, we need to also account for the current theme and control
 the activation of ~pdf-view-midnight-minor-mode~.  To which end we arrive
 at something like the following, which builds on the above example:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defun my-pdf-tools-backdrop (&rest _)
   (modus-themes-with-colors
     (face-remap-add-relative
      'default
      `(:background ,bg-dim))))
 
 (defun my-pdf-tools-midnight-mode-toggle (&rest _)
   (when (derived-mode-p 'pdf-view-mode)
     (if (eq (car custom-enabled-themes) 'modus-vivendi)
         (pdf-view-midnight-minor-mode 1)
       (pdf-view-midnight-minor-mode -1))
     (my-pdf-tools-backdrop)))
 
 (defun my-pdf-tools-themes-toggle (&rest _)
   (mapc
    (lambda (buf)
      (with-current-buffer buf
        (my-pdf-tools-midnight-mode-toggle)))
    (buffer-list)))
 
 (add-hook 'pdf-tools-enabled-hook #'my-pdf-tools-midnight-mode-toggle)
 (add-hook 'modus-themes-after-load-theme-hook #'my-pdf-tools-themes-toggle)
 #+end_src
 
 [[#h:d87673fe-2ce1-4c80-a4b8-be36ca9f2d24][Using a hook at the post-load-theme phase]].
 
 With those in place, PDFs have a distinct backdrop for their page, while
 buffers with major-mode as ~pdf-view-mode~ automatically switches to dark
 mode when ~modus-themes-toggle~ is called.
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 ** DIY Toggle themes without reloading them
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:b40aca50-a3b2-4c43-be58-2c26fcd14237
 :end:
 #+cindex: Switch themes without load-theme
 
 Users who have a stable setup and who only ever need to toggle between
 the themes without triggering a full reload, are better off defining
 their own command which calls ~enable-theme~ instead of ~load-theme~:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defun my-modus-themes-toggle ()
   "Toggle between `modus-operandi' and `modus-vivendi' themes.
 This uses `enable-theme' instead of the standard method of
 `load-theme'.  The technicalities are covered in the Modus themes
 manual."
   (interactive)
   (pcase (modus-themes--current-theme)
     ('modus-operandi (progn (enable-theme 'modus-vivendi)
                             (disable-theme 'modus-operandi)))
     ('modus-vivendi (progn (enable-theme 'modus-operandi)
                             (disable-theme 'modus-vivendi)))
     (_ (error "No Modus theme is loaded; evaluate `modus-themes-load-themes' first"))))
 #+end_src
 
 [[#h:e68560b3-7fb0-42bc-a151-e015948f8a35][Differences between loading and enabling]].
 
 Recall that ~modus-themes-toggle~ uses ~load-theme~.
 
 ** DIY Use more spacious margins or padding in Emacs frames
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:43bcb5d0-e25f-470f-828c-662cee9e21f1
 :END:
 
 [ UPDATE 2023-06-25: Instead of following these instructions, you can
   simply install my ~spacious-padding~ package from GNU ELPA.  It
   implements the padding and provides relevant user options. ]
 
 By default, Emacs frames try to maximize the number of characters that
 fit in the current visible portion of the buffer.  Users may prefer to
 have some extra padding instead.  This can make Emacs frames look more
 pleasant, but also make it easier to identify the currently active
 window.
 
 The way to implement such padding is two-fold:
 
 1. In the =early-init.el= file instruct Emacs to use a higher value
    for the ~internal-border-width~ of all frames, as well as for the
    ~right-divider-width~.  The former concerns the outer boundaries of
    Emacs frames, while the latter pertains to dividers between Emacs
    windows.
 
 2. Make the relevant faces invisible by changing the value of their
    relevant attributes to that of the current theme's main background.
 
 The parameters of Emacs frames are specified in the variables
 ~initial-frame-alist~ and ~default-frame-alist~.  The "initial frame"
 refers to the first frame that appears on Emacs startup.  The
 "default" refers to the fallback values that apply to all other frames
 that Emacs creates (unless those are explicitly overridden by a
 bespoke ~make-frame~ call).
 
 In detail, first we use the same values for the two frame alist variables:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; This must go in the early-init.el so that it applies to the initial
 ;; frame.
 (dolist (var '(default-frame-alist initial-frame-alist))
   (add-to-list var '(right-divider-width . 20))
   (add-to-list var '(internal-border-width . 20)))
 #+end_src
 
 What the ~dolist~ does is to call ~add-to-list~ for the two variables
 we specify there.  This economizes on typing.
 
 Then we define a function that makes the relevant faces invisible.
 The reason we do this with a function is so we can hook it to the
 "post load" phase of a theme, thus applying the new background value
 (otherwise you keep the old background, which likely means that the
 faces will no longer be invisible).
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defun my-modus-themes-invisible-dividers (&rest _)
   "Make window dividers invisible.
 Add this to the `modus-themes-post-load-hook'."
   (let ((bg (face-background 'default)))
     (custom-set-faces
      `(fringe ((t :background ,bg :foreground ,bg)))
      `(window-divider ((t :background ,bg :foreground ,bg)))
      `(window-divider-first-pixel ((t :background ,bg :foreground ,bg)))
      `(window-divider-last-pixel ((t :background ,bg :foreground ,bg))))))
 
 (add-hook 'modus-themes-post-load-hook #'my-modus-themes-invisible-dividers)
 #+end_src
 
 [[#h:d87673fe-2ce1-4c80-a4b8-be36ca9f2d24][Using a hook at the post-load-theme phase]].
 
 The above will work only for themes that belong to the Modus family.
 For users of Emacs version 29 or higher, there exists a theme-agnostic
 hook that takes a function with one argument---that of the theme---and
 calls in the the "post enable" phase of theme loading.  Here is the
 above snippet, with the necessary tweaks:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defun my-modus-themes-invisible-dividers (&rest _)
   "Make window dividers for THEME invisible."
   (let ((bg (face-background 'default)))
     (custom-set-faces
      `(fringe ((t :background ,bg :foreground ,bg)))
      `(window-divider ((t :background ,bg :foreground ,bg)))
      `(window-divider-first-pixel ((t :background ,bg :foreground ,bg)))
      `(window-divider-last-pixel ((t :background ,bg :foreground ,bg))))))
 
 (add-hook 'enable-theme-functions #'my-modus-themes-invisible-dividers)
 #+end_src
 
 Users of older versions of Emacs can read the entry herein about
 defining their own theme-agnostic hook ([[#h:86f6906b-f090-46cc-9816-1fe8aeb38776][A theme-agnostic hook for theme loading]]).
 
 ** DIY Custom hl-todo colors
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:2ef83a21-2f0a-441e-9634-473feb940743
 :END:
 
 The ~hl-todo~ package provides the user option
 ~hl-todo-keyword-faces~: it specifies a pair of keyword and
 corresponding color value.  The Modus themes configure that option in
 the interest of legibility.  While this works for our purposes, users
 may still prefer to apply their custom values, in which case the
 following approach is necessary:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defun my-modus-themes-hl-todo-faces (&rest _)
   (setq hl-todo-keyword-faces '(("TODO" . "#ff0000")
                                 ("HACK" . "#ffff00")
                                 ("XXX" . "#00ffff")
                                 ("NOTE" . "#ff00ff"))))
 
 (add-hook 'modus-themes-after-load-theme-hook #'my-modus-themes-hl-todo-faces)
 #+end_src
 
 [[#h:d87673fe-2ce1-4c80-a4b8-be36ca9f2d24][Using a hook at the post-load-theme phase]].
 
 Or include a ~let~ form, if needed:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defun my-modus-themes-hl-todo-faces (&rest _)
   (let ((red "#ff0000")
         (blue "#0000ff"))
     (setq hl-todo-keyword-faces `(("TODO" . ,blue)
                                   ("HACK" . ,red)
                                   ("XXX" . ,red)
                                   ("NOTE" . ,blue)))))
 
 (add-hook 'modus-themes-after-load-theme-hook #'my-modus-themes-hl-todo-faces)
 #+end_src
 
 [[#h:d87673fe-2ce1-4c80-a4b8-be36ca9f2d24][Using a hook at the post-load-theme phase]].
 
 Normally, we do not touch user options, though this is an exception:
 otherwise the defaults are not always legible.
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 ** DIY Add support for solaire-mode
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:439c9e46-52e2-46be-b1dc-85841dd99671
 :END:
 
 The ~solaire-mode~ package dims the background of what it considers
 ancillary "UI" buffers, such as the minibuffer and Dired buffers.  The
 Modus themes used to support Solaire on the premise that the user was
 (i) opting in to it, (ii) understood why certain buffers were more gray,
 and (iii) knew what other adjustments had to be made to prevent broken
 visuals (e.g. the default style of the ~modus-themes-completions~ uses a
 subtle gray background for the selection, which with Solaire becomes
 practically invisible).
 
 However, the assumption that users opt in to this feature does not
 always hold true.  There are cases where it is enabled by defaultsuch as
 in the popular Doom Emacs configuration.  Thus, the unsuspecting user
 who loads ~modus-operandi~ or ~modus-vivendi~ without the requisite
 customizations is getting a sub-par experience; an experience that we
 did not intend and cannot genuinely fix.
 
 Because the Modus themes are meant to work everywhere, we cannot make an
 exception for Doom Emacs and/or Solaire users.  Furthermore, we shall
 not introduce hacks, such as by adding a check in all relevant faces to
 be adjusted based on Solaire or whatever other package.  Hacks of this
 sort are unsustainable and penalize the entire userbase.  Besides, the
 themes are built into Emacs and we must keep their standard high.
 
 The fundamental constraint with Solaire is that Emacs does not have a
 real distinction between "content" and "UI" buffers.  For themes to work
 with Solaire, they need to be designed around that package.  Such is an
 arrangement that compromises on our accessibility standards and/or
 hinders our efforts to provide the best possible experience while using
 the Modus themes.
 
 As such, ~solaire-mode~ is not---and will not be---supported by the
 Modus themes (or any other of my themes, for that matter).  Users who
 want it must style the faces manually.  Below is some sample code, based
 on what we cover at length elsewhere in this manual:
 
 [[#h:f4651d55-8c07-46aa-b52b-bed1e53463bb][Advanced customization]].
 
 [[#h:51ba3547-b8c8-40d6-ba5a-4586477fd4ae][Use theme colors in code with modus-themes-with-colors]].
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defun my-modus-themes-custom-faces (&rest _)
   (modus-themes-with-colors
     (custom-set-faces
      `(solaire-default-face ((,c :inherit default :background ,bg-dim :foreground ,fg-dim)))
      `(solaire-line-number-face ((,c :inherit solaire-default-face :foreground ,fg-unfocused)))
      `(solaire-hl-line-face ((,c :background ,bg-active)))
      `(solaire-org-hide-face ((,c :background ,bg-dim :foreground ,bg-dim))))))
 
 (add-hook 'modus-themes-after-load-theme-hook #'my-modus-themes-custom-faces)
 #+end_src
 
 [[#h:d87673fe-2ce1-4c80-a4b8-be36ca9f2d24][Using a hook at the post-load-theme phase]].
 
 Reload the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 ** DIY Use a hook at the post-load-theme phase
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:d87673fe-2ce1-4c80-a4b8-be36ca9f2d24
 :END:
 
 Many of the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) snippets provided herein make use of
 a hook to apply the desired changes. In most examples, this hook is
 the ~modus-themes-after-load-theme-hook~ (alias ~modus-themes-post-load-hook~).
 This hook is provided by the Modus themes and is called at the end of
 one the following:
 
 - Command ~modus-themes-toggle~ :: [[#h:4fbfed66-5a89-447a-a07d-a03f6819c5bd][Option for which themes to toggle]].
 
 - Command ~modus-themes-select~ :: Select a Modus theme using minibuffer
   completion and then load it.
 
 - Function ~modus-themes-load-theme~ :: Called only from Lisp, such as
   in the user's init file, with the quoted symbol of a Modus theme as
   an argument ([[#h:adb0c49a-f1f9-4690-868b-013a080eed68][Option for disabling other themes while loading Modus]]).
   This function is used internally by ~modus-themes-toggle~ and
   ~modus-themes-select~.
 
 Users who switch between themes that are not limited to the Modus
 collection cannot benefit from the aforementioned hook: it only works
 with the Modus themes. A theme-agnostic hook is needed in such a case.
 Before Emacs 29, this had to be set up manually ([[#h:86f6906b-f090-46cc-9816-1fe8aeb38776][DIY A theme-agnostic hook for theme loading]]).
 Starting with Emacs 29, the special hook ~enable-theme-functions~
 works with anything that uses the basic ~enable-theme~ function.
 
 To use the ~enable-theme-functions~ just add the given function to it
 the way it is done with every hook:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (add-hook 'enable-theme-functions 'MY-FUNCTION-HERE)
 #+end_src
 
 Functions added to ~enable-theme-functions~ accept a single =THEME=
 argument. The examples shown in this manual use the pattern =(&rest
 _)=, which is how a function accepts one or more arguments but
 declares it will not use them (in plain terms, the code works with or
 without ~enable-theme-functions~).
 
 *** DIY A theme-agnostic hook for theme loading
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:86f6906b-f090-46cc-9816-1fe8aeb38776
 :end:
 
 [ NOTE: The following is for versions of Emacs before 29. For Emacs 29
   or higher, users can rely on the built-in ~enable-theme-functions~
   ([[#h:d87673fe-2ce1-4c80-a4b8-be36ca9f2d24][Using a hook at the post-load-theme phase]]). ]
 
 The themes are designed with the intent to be useful to Emacs users of
 varying skill levels, from beginners to experts.  This means that we try
 to make things easier by not expecting anyone reading this document to
 be proficient in Emacs Lisp or programming in general.
 
 Such a case is with the use of ~modus-themes-after-load-theme-hook~,
 which runs after the ~modus-themes-load-theme~ function (used by the
 command ~modus-themes-toggle~).  We recommend using that hook for
 advanced customizations, because (1) we know for sure that it is
 available once the themes are loaded, and (2) anyone consulting this
 manual, especially the sections on enabling and loading the themes,
 will be in a good position to benefit from that hook.
 
 Advanced users who have a need to switch between the Modus themes and
 other items will find that such a hook does not meet their requirements:
 it only works with the Modus themes and only with the aforementioned
 functions.
 
 A theme-agnostic setup can be configured thus:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defvar after-enable-theme-hook nil
    "Normal hook run after enabling a theme.")
 
 (defun run-after-enable-theme-hook (&rest _args)
    "Run `after-enable-theme-hook'."
    (run-hooks 'after-enable-theme-hook))
 
 (advice-add 'enable-theme :after #'run-after-enable-theme-hook)
 #+end_src
 
 This creates the ~after-enable-theme-hook~ and makes it run after each
 call to ~enable-theme~, which means that it will work for all themes and
 also has the benefit that it does not depend on functions such as
 ~modus-themes-toggle~ and the others mentioned above.  ~enable-theme~ is
 called internally by ~load-theme~, so the hook works everywhere.
 
 The downside of the theme-agnostic hook is that any functions added to
 it will likely not be able to benefit from macro calls that read the
 active theme, such as ~modus-themes-with-colors~.  Not all Emacs
 themes have the same capabilities.
 
 In this document, we cover ~modus-themes-after-load-theme-hook~ though
 the user can replace it with ~after-enable-theme-hook~ should they
 need to (provided they understand the implications).
 
 * Face coverage
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:a9c8f29d-7f72-4b54-b74b-ddefe15d6a19
 :end:
 
 The Modus themes try to provide as close to full face coverage as
 possible.  This is necessary to ensure a consistently accessible reading
 experience across all available interfaces.
 
 ** Full support for packages or face groups
 :properties:
 :alt_title: Supported packages
 :description: Full list of covered face groups
 :custom_id: h:60ed4275-60d6-49f8-9287-9a64e54bea0e
 :end:
 #+cindex: Explicitly supported packages
 
 This list will always be updated to reflect the current state of the
 project.  The idea is to offer an overview of the known status of all
 affected face groups.  The items with an appended asterisk =*= tend to
 have lots of extensions, so the "full support" may not be 100% true…
 
 + ace-window
 + agda2-mode
 + all-the-icons
 + all-the-icons-dired
 + all-the-icons-ibuffer
 + annotate
 + ansi-color
 + anzu
 + auctex and TeX
 + auto-dim-other-buffers
 + avy
 + bbdb
 + binder
 + breadcrumb
 + bongo
 + boon
 + bookmark
 + calendar and diary
 + centaur-tabs
 + change-log and log-view (such as ~vc-print-log~, ~vc-print-root-log~)
 + chart
 + cider
 + circe
 + citar
 + clojure-mode
 + column-enforce-mode
 + company-mode*
 + compilation-mode
 + completions
 + consult
 + corfu
 + corfu-candidate-overlay
 + corfu-quick
 + counsel*
 + cperl-mode
 + crontab-mode
 + csv-mode
 + ctrlf
 + custom (what you get with {{{kbd(M-x customize)}}})
 + dashboard
 + deadgrep
 + debbugs
 + deft
 + denote
 + devdocs
 + dictionary
 + diff-hl
 + diff-mode
 + dim-autoload
 + dired
 + dired-async
 + dired-git
 + dired-git-info
 + dired-narrow
 + dired-subtree
 + diredfl
 + disk-usage
 + display-fill-column-indicator-mode
 + doom-modeline
 + ediff
 + ein (Emacs IPython Notebook)
 + eglot
 + el-search
 + eldoc-box
 + elfeed
 + elfeed-score
 + elpher
 + embark
 + ement
 + emms
 + enh-ruby-mode (enhanced-ruby-mode)
 + epa
 + erc
 + ert
 + erts-mode
 + eshell
 + eshell-fringe-status
 + evil* (evil-mode)
 + eww
 + exwm
 + eyebrowse
 + flycheck
 + flycheck-color-mode-line
 + flycheck-indicator
 + flymake
 + flyspell
 + flx
 + focus
 + fold-this
 + font-lock (generic syntax highlighting)
 + geiser
 + git-commit
 + git-gutter (and variants)
 + git-rebase
 + git-timemachine
 + gnus
 + gotest
 + golden-ratio-scroll-screen
 + helpful
 + highlight-numbers
 + highlight-parentheses ([[#h:24bab397-dcb2-421d-aa6e-ec5bd622b913][Note on highlight-parentheses.el]])
 + highlight-thing
 + hl-fill-column
 + hl-line-mode
 + hl-todo
 + hydra
 + ibuffer
 + icomplete
 + ido-mode
 + iedit
 + iflipb
 + image-dired
 + imenu-list
 + indium
 + info
 + info+ (info-plus)
 + info-colors
 + ioccur
 + isearch, occur, etc.
 + ivy*
 + ivy-posframe
 + japanese-holidays
 + jira (org-jira)
 + jit-spell
 + jinx
 + journalctl-mode
 + js2-mode
 + julia
 + kaocha-runner
 + keycast
 + ledger-mode
 + leerzeichen
 + line numbers (~display-line-numbers-mode~ and global variant)
 + magit
 + make-mode
 + man
 + marginalia
 + markdown-mode
 + markup-faces (~adoc-mode~)
 + mct
 + messages
 + minimap
 + mode-line
 + mood-line
 + mpdel
 + mu4e
 + multiple-cursors
 + nerd-icons
 + nerd-icons-completion
 + nerd-icons-dired
 + nerd-icons-ibuffer
 + neotree
 + notmuch
 + num3-mode
 + nxml-mode
 + olivetti
 + orderless
 + org*
 + org-journal
 + org-noter
 + org-pomodoro
 + org-recur
 + org-roam
 + org-superstar
 + org-table-sticky-header
 + org-tree-slide
 + origami
 + outline-mode
 + outline-minor-faces
 + package (what you get with {{{kbd(M-x list-packages)}}})
 + page-break-lines
 + pandoc-mode
 + paren-face
 + pass
 + pdf-tools
 + persp-mode
 + perspective
 + popup
 + powerline
 + prism ([[#h:a94272e0-99da-4149-9e80-11a7e67a2cf2][Note for prism.el]])
 + prescient
 + proced
 + prodigy
 + pulse
 + pyim
 + quick-peek
 + rainbow-delimiters
 + rcirc
 + rcirc-color
 + recursion-indicator
 + regexp-builder (also known as ~re-builder~)
 + rg (rg.el)
 + ripgrep
 + rmail
 + rst-mode
 + ruler-mode
 + sesman
 + shell-script-mode
 + shortdoc
 + show-paren-mode
 + shr
 + side-notes
 + sieve-mode
 + skewer-mode
 + slime (slbd)
 + sly
 + smart-mode-line
 + smerge
 + speedbar
 + spell-fu
 + stripes
 + suggest
 + switch-window
 + swiper
 + symbol-overlay
 + syslog-mode
 + tab-bar-mode
 + tab-line-mode
 + table (built-in {{{file(table.el)}}})
 + telega
 + terraform-mode
 + term
 + textsec
 + transient (pop-up windows such as Magit's)
 + trashed
 + tree-sitter
 + tty-menu
 + tuareg
 + typescript
 + undo-tree
 + vc ({{{file(vc-dir.el)}}}, {{{file(vc-hooks.el)}}})
 + vertico
 + vertico-quick
 + vimish-fold
 + visible-mark
 + visual-regexp
 + vterm
 + vundo
 + wcheck-mode
 + web-mode
 + wgrep
 + which-function-mode
 + which-key
 + whitespace-mode
 + window-divider-mode
 + writegood-mode
 + woman
 + xah-elisp-mode
 + xterm-color (and ansi-colors)
 + yaml-mode
 + yasnippet
 + ztree
 
 Plus many other miscellaneous faces that are provided by Emacs.
 
 ** Indirectly covered packages
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:2cb359c7-3a84-4262-bab3-dcdc1d0034d7
 :end:
 #+cindex: Implicitly supported packages
 
 These do not require any extra styles because they are configured to
 inherit from some basic faces or their dependencies which are directly
 supported by the themes.
 
 + ag
 + apropos
 + apt-sources-list
 + bbdb
 + bm
 + breakpoint (provided by the built-in {{{file(gdb-mi.el)}}} library)
 + buffer-expose
 + bufler
 + counsel-notmuch
 + counsel-org-capture-string
 + css-mode
 + dashboard (emacs-dashboard)
 + define-word
 + denote
 + disk-usage
 + dtache
 + dynamic-ruler
 + easy-kill
 + ebdb
 + edit-indirect
 + egerrit
 + elfeed-summary
 + evil-owl
 + flyspell-correct
 + fortran-mode
 + freeze-it
 + forge
 + git-walktree
 + goggles
 + highlight-defined
 + highlight-escape-sequences (~hes-mode~)
 + icomplete-vertical
 + i3wm-config-mode
 + lin
 + minibuffer-line
 + no-emoji
 + org-remark
 + parrot
 + perl-mode
 + php-mode
 + pulsar
 + rjsx-mode
 + side-hustle
 + spell-fu
 + swift-mode
 + tab-bar-echo-area
 + tide
 + undo-hl
 + vdiff
 + vertico-indexed
 + vertico-mouse
 + xref
 
 * Notes on individual packages
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:4c4d901a-84d7-4f20-bd99-0808c2b06eba
 :end:
 
 This section covers information that may be of interest to users of
 individual packages.
 
 ** Note on calendar.el weekday and weekend colors
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:b2db46fb-32f4-44fd-8e11-d2b261cf51ae
 :end:
 
 By default, the {{{kbd(M-x calendar)}}} interface differentiates weekdays from
 weekends by applying a gray color to the former and a faint red to the
 latter.  The idea for this approach is that the weekend should serve as
 a subtle warning that no work is supposed to be done on that day, per
 the design of traditional calendars.
 
 Users who prefer all days to look the same can configure the variable
 ~calendar-weekend-days~ to either use gray of weekdays or the faint red of
 weekends uniformly.
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; All are treated like weekdays (gray color)
 (setq calendar-weekend-days nil)
 
 ;; All are treated like weekends (red-faint color)
 (setq calendar-weekend-days (number-sequence 0 6))
 
 ;; The default marks the Saturday and Sunday as the weekend
 (setq calendar-weekend-days '(0 6))
 #+end_src
 
 For changes to take effect, the Calendar buffer needs to be generated
 anew.
 
 ** Note on git-gutter in Doom Emacs
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:a195e37c-e58c-4148-b254-8ba1ed8a731a
 :END:
 
 The ~git-gutter~ and ~git-gutter-fr~ packages default to drawing
 bitmaps for the indicators they display (e.g. bitmap of a plus sign
 for added lines).  In Doom Emacs, these bitmaps are replaced with
 contiguous lines which may look nicer, but require a change to the
 foreground of the relevant faces to yield the desired color
 combinations.
 
 Since this is Doom-specific, we urge users to apply changes in their
 local setup.  Below is some sample code, based on what we cover at
 length elsewhere in this manual:
 
 [[#h:f4651d55-8c07-46aa-b52b-bed1e53463bb][Advanced customization]].
 
 [[#h:51ba3547-b8c8-40d6-ba5a-4586477fd4ae][Use theme colors in code with modus-themes-with-colors]].
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defun my-modus-themes-custom-faces (&rest _)
   (modus-themes-with-colors
     (custom-set-faces
      ;; Make foreground the same as background for a uniform bar on
      ;; Doom Emacs.
      ;;
      ;; Doom should not be implementing such hacks because themes
      ;; cannot support them:
      ;; <https://protesilaos.com/codelog/2022-08-04-doom-git-gutter-modus-themes/>.
      `(git-gutter-fr:added ((,c :foreground ,bg-added-fringe)))
      `(git-gutter-fr:deleted ((,c :foreground ,bg-removed-fringe)))
      `(git-gutter-fr:modified ((,c :foreground ,bg-changed-fringe))))))
 
 (add-hook 'modus-themes-after-load-theme-hook #'my-modus-themes-custom-faces)
 #+end_src
 
 [[#h:d87673fe-2ce1-4c80-a4b8-be36ca9f2d24][Using a hook at the post-load-theme phase]].
 
 As always, re-load the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 If the above does not work, try this instead:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (after! modus-themes
   (modus-themes-with-colors
     (custom-set-faces
      ;; Make foreground the same as background for a uniform bar on
      ;; Doom Emacs.
      ;;
      ;; Doom should not be implementing such hacks because themes
      ;; cannot support them:
      ;; <https://protesilaos.com/codelog/2022-08-04-doom-git-gutter-modus-themes/>.
      `(git-gutter-fr:added ((,c :foreground ,bg-added-intense)))
      `(git-gutter-fr:deleted ((,c :foreground ,bg-removed-intense)))
      `(git-gutter-fr:modified ((,c :foreground ,bg-changed-intense))))))
 #+end_src
 
 ** Note on php-mode multiline comments
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:d0a3157b-9c04-46e8-8742-5fb2a7ae8798
 :END:
 
 Depending on your build of Emacs and/or the environment it runs in,
 multiline comments in PHP with the ~php-mode~ package use the
 ~font-lock-doc-face~ instead of ~font-lock-comment-face~.
 
 This seems to make all comments use the appropriate face:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defun my-multine-comments (&rest _)
   (setq-local c-doc-face-name 'font-lock-comment-face))
 
 (add-hook 'php-mode-hook #'my-multine-comments)
 #+end_src
 
 As always, re-load the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 ** Note on underlines in compilation buffers
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:420f5a33-c7a9-4112-9b04-eaf2cbad96bd
 :end:
 
 Various buffers that produce compilation results or run tests on code
 apply an underline to the file names they reference or to relevant
 messages.  Users may consider this unnecessary or excessive.
 
 To outright disable the effect, use this (buffers need to be generated
 anew):
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq compilation-message-face nil)
 #+end_src
 
 If some element of differentiation is still desired, a good option is to
 render the affected text with the ~italic~ face:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq compilation-message-face 'italic)
 #+end_src
 
 [[#h:2793a224-2109-4f61-a106-721c57c01375][Configure bold and italic faces]].
 
 ** Note on inline Latex in Org buffers
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:dd8478da-f56a-45cd-b199-b836c85c3c5a
 :end:
 
 Org can work with inline latex and related syntax.  To actually fontify
 those constructs, set the variable ~org-highlight-latex-and-related~ to
 the desired list of values (per its doc string).  For example:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq org-highlight-latex-and-related '(latex script))
 #+end_src
 
 Remember to use {{{kbd(M-x org-mode-restart)}}} for changes to take effect.
 
 ** Note on dimmer.el
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:8eb4b758-d318-4480-9ead-357a571beb93
 :end:
 
 The {{{file(dimmer.el)}}} library by Neil Okamoto can be configured to
 automatically dim the colors of inactive Emacs windows.  To guarantee
 consistent results with the Modus themes, we suggest some tweaks to the
 default styles, such as in this minimal setup:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (use-package dimmer
   :config
   (setq dimmer-fraction 0.3)
   (setq dimmer-adjustment-mode :foreground)
   (setq dimmer-use-colorspace :rgb)
 
   (dimmer-mode 1))
 #+end_src
 
 Of the above, we strongly recommend the RGB color space because it is
 the one that remains faithful to the hueness of the colors used by the
 themes.  Whereas the default CIELAB space has a tendency to distort
 colors in addition to applying the dim effect, which can be somewhat
 disorienting.
 
 The value of the ~dimmer-fraction~ has been selected empirically.  Users
 might prefer to tweak it further (increasing it makes the dim effect
 more pronounced).
 
 Changing the ~dimmer-adjustment-mode~ is a matter of preference.  Though
 because the Modus themes use black and white as their base colors, any
 other value for that variable will turn the main background gray.  This
 inadvertently leads to the opposite of the intended utility of this
 package: it draws too much attention to unfocused windows.
 
 ** Note on display-fill-column-indicator-mode
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:2a602816-bc1b-45bf-9675-4cbbd7bf6cab
 :end:
 
 The ~display-fill-column-indicator-mode~ uses a typographic character to
 draw its line.  This has the downside of creating a dashed line.  The
 dashes are further apart depending on how tall the font's glyph height
 is and what integer the ~line-spacing~ is set to.
 
 At the theme level we eliminate this effect by making the character one
 pixel tall: the line is contiguous.  Users who prefer the dashed line
 are advised to change the ~fill-column-indicator~ face, as explained
 elsewhere in this document.  For example:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (modus-themes-with-colors
   (custom-set-faces
    `(fill-column-indicator ((,c :foreground ,bg-active)))))
 #+end_src
 
 [[#h:51ba3547-b8c8-40d6-ba5a-4586477fd4ae][Use theme colors in code with modus-themes-with-colors]].
 
 To make the line thicker, set the height to be equal to the base font
 size instead of the one pixel we use.  This is done by specifying a rate
 instead of an absolute number, as in =:height 1.0= versus =:height 1=.
 For example:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (modus-themes-with-colors
   (custom-set-faces
    `(fill-column-indicator ((,c :height 1.0 :background ,bg-inactive :foreground ,bg-inactive)))))
 #+end_src
 
 ** Note on highlight-parentheses.el
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:24bab397-dcb2-421d-aa6e-ec5bd622b913
 :END:
 
 The ~highlight-parentheses~ package provides contextual coloration of
 surrounding parentheses, highlighting only those which are around the
 point.  The package expects users to customize the applicable colors
 on their own by configuring certain variables.
 
 To make the Modus themes work as expected with this, we need to use some
 of the techniques that are discussed at length in the various
 "Do-It-Yourself" (DIY) sections, which provide insight into the more
 advanced customization options of the themes.
 
 [[#h:f4651d55-8c07-46aa-b52b-bed1e53463bb][Advanced customization]].
 
 In the following example, we are assuming that the user wants to (i)
 re-use color variables provided by the themes, (ii) be able to retain
 their tweaks while switching between ~modus-operandi~ and ~modus-vivendi~,
 and (iii) have the option to highlight either the foreground of the
 parentheses or the background as well.
 
 We start by defining our own variable, which will serve as a toggle
 between foreground and background coloration styles:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defvar my-highlight-parentheses-use-background t
   "Prefer `highlight-parentheses-background-colors'.")
 #+end_src
 
 Then we can update our preference with this:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Set to nil to disable backgrounds.
 (setq my-highlight-parentheses-use-background nil)
 #+end_src
 
 To re-use colors from the themes, we must wrap our code in the
 ~modus-themes-with-colors~ macro.  Our implementation must interface with
 the variables ~highlight-parentheses-background-colors~ and/or
 ~highlight-parentheses-colors~.
 
 So we can have something like this (the doc string of
 ~modus-themes-with-colors~ explains where the names of the colors can be
 found):
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (modus-themes-with-colors
     ;; Our preference for setting either background or foreground
     ;; styles, depending on `my-highlight-parentheses-use-background'.
     (if my-highlight-parentheses-use-background
 
         ;; Here we set color combinations that involve both a background
         ;; and a foreground value.
         (setq highlight-parentheses-background-colors (list bg-cyan-intense
                                                             bg-magenta-intense
                                                             bg-green-intense
                                                             bg-yellow-intense)
               highlight-parentheses-colors (list cyan
                                                  magenta
                                                  green
                                                  yellow))
 
       ;; And here we pass only foreground colors while disabling any
       ;; backgrounds.
       (setq highlight-parentheses-colors (list green-intense
                                                magenta-intense
                                                blue-intense
                                                red-intense)
             highlight-parentheses-background-colors nil)))
 
 ;; Include this if you also want to make the parentheses bold:
 (set-face-attribute 'highlight-parentheses-highlight nil :inherit 'bold)
 
 ;; Our changes must be evaluated before enabling the relevant mode, so
 ;; this comes last.
 (global-highlight-parentheses-mode 1)
 #+end_src
 
 For our changes to persist while switching between the Modus themes, we
 need to include them in a function which can then get passed to
 ~modus-themes-after-load-theme-hook~.  This is the complete
 implementation:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 ;; Configurations for `highlight-parentheses':
 (require 'highlight-parentheses)
 
 (defvar my-highlight-parentheses-use-background t
   "Prefer `highlight-parentheses-background-colors'.")
 
 (setq my-highlight-parentheses-use-background nil) ; Set to nil to disable backgrounds
 
 (defun my-modus-themes-highlight-parentheses (&rest _)
   (modus-themes-with-colors
     ;; Our preference for setting either background or foreground
     ;; styles, depending on `my-highlight-parentheses-use-background'.
     (if my-highlight-parentheses-use-background
 
         ;; Here we set color combinations that involve both a background
         ;; and a foreground value.
         (setq highlight-parentheses-background-colors (list bg-cyan-intense
                                                             bg-magenta-intense
                                                             bg-green-intense
                                                             bg-yellow-intense)
               highlight-parentheses-colors (list cyan
                                                  magenta
                                                  green
                                                  yellow))
 
       ;; And here we pass only foreground colors while disabling any
       ;; backgrounds.
       (setq highlight-parentheses-colors (list green-intense
                                                magenta-intense
                                                blue-intense
                                                red-intense)
             highlight-parentheses-background-colors nil)))
 
   ;; Include this if you also want to make the parentheses bold:
   (set-face-attribute 'highlight-parentheses-highlight nil :inherit 'bold)
 
   ;; Our changes must be evaluated before enabling the relevant mode, so
   ;; this comes last.
   (global-highlight-parentheses-mode 1))
 
 (add-hook 'modus-themes-after-load-theme-hook #'my-modus-themes-highlight-parentheses)
 #+end_src
 
 [[#h:d87673fe-2ce1-4c80-a4b8-be36ca9f2d24][Using a hook at the post-load-theme phase]].
 
 As always, re-load the theme for changes to take effect.
 
 ** Note on mmm-mode.el background colors
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:99cf0d6c-e478-4e26-9932-3bf3427d13f6
 :end:
 
 The faces used by {{{file(mmm-mode.el)}}} are expected to have a colorful
 background, while they should not touch any foreground value.  The idea
 is that they must not interfere with existing fontification.  Those
 background colors need to be distinct from each other, such as an
 unambiguous red juxtaposed with a clear blue.
 
 While this design may be internally consistent with the raison d'être of
 that library, it inevitably produces inaccessible color combinations.
 
 There are two competing goals at play:
 
 1. Legibility of the text, understood as the contrast ratio between the
    background and the foreground.
 
 2. Semantic precision of each face which entails faithfulness to
    color-coding of the underlying background.
 
 As the Modus themes are designed with the express purpose of conforming
 with the first point, we have to forgo the apparent color-coding of the
 background elements.  Instead we use subtle colors that do not undermine
 the legibility of the affected text while they still offer a sense of
 added context.
 
 Users who might prefer to fall below the minimum 7:1 contrast ratio in
 relative luminance (the accessibility target we conform with), can opt
 to configure the relevant faces on their own.
 
 [[#h:51ba3547-b8c8-40d6-ba5a-4586477fd4ae][Use theme colors in code with modus-themes-with-colors]].
 
 This example uses more vivid background colors, though it comes at the
 very high cost of degraded legibility.
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (modus-themes-with-colors
   (custom-set-faces
    `(mmm-cleanup-submode-face ((,c :background ,bg-yellow-intense)))
    `(mmm-code-submode-face ((,c :background ,bg-inactive)))
    `(mmm-comment-submode-face ((,c :background ,bg-blue-intense)))
    `(mmm-declaration-submode-face ((,c :background ,bg-cyan-intense)))
    `(mmm-default-submode-face ((,c :background ,bg-dim)))
    `(mmm-init-submode-face ((,c :background ,bg-magenta-intense)))
    `(mmm-output-submode-face ((,c :background ,bg-red-intense)))
    `(mmm-special-submode-face ((,c :background ,bg-green-intense)))))
 #+end_src
 
 ** Note on prism.el
 :properties:
 :alt_title: Note for prism
 :custom_id: h:a94272e0-99da-4149-9e80-11a7e67a2cf2
 :end:
 
 This package by Adam Porter, aka "alphapapa" or "github-alphapapa",
 implements an alternative to the typical coloration of code.  Instead of
 highlighting the syntactic constructs, it applies color to different
 levels of depth in the code structure.
 
 As {{{file(prism.el)}}} offers a broad range of customizations, we
 cannot style it directly at the theme level: that would run contrary
 to the spirit of the package.  Instead, we may offer preset color
 schemes.  Those should offer a starting point for users to adapt to
 their needs.
 
 In the following code snippets, we employ the ~modus-themes-with-colors~
 macro: [[#h:51ba3547-b8c8-40d6-ba5a-4586477fd4ae][Use theme colors in code with modus-themes-with-colors]].
 
 These are the minimum recommended settings with 16 colors:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq prism-num-faces 16)
 
 (prism-set-colors
   :desaturations '(0) ; do not change---may lower the contrast ratio
   :lightens '(0)      ; same
   :colors (modus-themes-with-colors
             (list fg-main
                   magenta
                   cyan-cooler
                   magenta-cooler
                   blue
                   magenta-warmer
                   cyan-warmer
                   red-cooler
                   green
                   fg-main
                   cyan
                   yellow
                   blue-warmer
                   red-warmer
                   green-cooler
                   yellow-faint)))
 #+end_src
 
 With 8 colors:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq prism-num-faces 8)
 
 (prism-set-colors
   :desaturations '(0) ; do not change---may lower the contrast ratio
   :lightens '(0)      ; same
   :colors (modus-themes-with-colors
             (list blue
                   magenta
                   magenta-cooler
                   cyan-cooler
                   fg-main
                   blue-warmer
                   red-cooler
                   cyan)))
 #+end_src
 
 And this is with 4 colors, which produces results that are the closest
 to the themes' default aesthetic:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq prism-num-faces 4)
 
 (prism-set-colors
   :desaturations '(0) ; do not change---may lower the contrast ratio
   :lightens '(0)      ; same
   :colors (modus-themes-with-colors
             (list blue
                   magenta
                   magenta-cooler
                   green-warmer)))
 #+end_src
 
 If you need to apply desaturation and lightening, you can use what the
 {{{file(prism.el)}}} documentation recommends, like this (adapting to the
 examples with the 4, 8, 16 colors):
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (prism-set-colors
   :desaturations (cl-loop for i from 0 below 16 collect (* i 2.5))
   :lightens (cl-loop for i from 0 below 16 collect (* i 2.5))
   :colors (modus-themes-with-colors
             (list fg-main
                   cyan-cooler
                   magenta-cooler
                   magenta)))
 #+end_src
 
 ** Note on company-mode overlay pop-up
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:20cef8c4-d11f-4053-8b2c-2872925780b1
 :end:
 
 By default, the ~company-mode~ pop-up that lists completion candidates is
 drawn using an overlay.  This creates alignment issues every time it is
 placed above a piece of text that has a different height than the
 default.
 
 The solution recommended by the project's maintainer is to use an
 alternative front-end for drawing the pop-up which draws child frames
 instead of overlays.[fn::
 https://github.com/company-mode/company-mode/issues/1010][fn::
 https://github.com/tumashu/company-posframe/]
 
 Also consider the ~corfu~ package.
 
 ** Note on ERC escaped color sequences
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:98bdf319-1e32-4469-8a01-771200fba65c
 :end:
 
 The built-in IRC client ~erc~ has the ability to colorize any text using
 escape sequences that start with =^C= (inserted with {{{kbd(C-q C-c)}}}) and are
 followed by a number for the foreground and background.[fn:: This page
 explains the basics, though it is not specific to Emacs:
 https://www.mirc.com/colors.html] Possible numbers are 0-15, with the
 first entry being the foreground and the second the background,
 separated by a comma.  Like this =^C1,6=.  The minimum setup is this:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (add-to-list 'erc-modules 'irccontrols)
 (setq erc-interpret-controls-p t
       erc-interpret-mirc-color t)
 #+end_src
 
 As this allows users the chance to make arbitrary combinations, it is
 impossible to guarantee a consistently high contrast ratio.  All we can
 we do is provide guidance on the combinations that satisfy the
 accessibility standard of the themes:
 
 + Modus Operandi :: Use foreground color 1 for all backgrounds from
   2-15.  Like so: {{{kbd(C-q C-c1,N)}}} where =N= is the background.
 
 + Modus Vivendi :: Use foreground color 0 for all backgrounds from
   2-13.  Use foreground =1= for backgrounds 14, 15.
 
 Colors 0 and 1 are white and black respectively.  So combine them
 together, if you must.
 
 ** Note on powerline or spaceline
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:9130a8ba-d8e3-41be-a58b-3cb1eb7b6d17
 :end:
 
 Both Powerline and Spaceline package users will likely need to use the
 command ~powerline-reset~ whenever they make changes to their themes
 and/or mode line setup.
 
 ** Note on SHR colors
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:4cc767dc-ffef-4c5c-9f10-82eb7b8921bf
 :end:
 
 Emacs' HTML rendering library ({{{file(shr.el)}}}) may need explicit
 configuration to respect the theme's colors instead of whatever
 specifications the webpage provides.
 
 Consult the doc string of ~shr-use-colors~.
 
 ** Note on SHR fonts
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:e6c5451f-6763-4be7-8fdb-b4706a422a4c
 :end:
 #+cindex: Fonts in EWW, Elfeed, Ement, and SHR
 
 By default, packages that build on top of the Simple HTML Remember
 (~shr~) use proportionately spaced fonts.  This is controlled by the
 user option ~shr-use-fonts~, which is set to non-~nil~ by default.  To
 use the standard font instead, set that variable to ~nil~.
 
 [[#h:defcf4fc-8fa8-4c29-b12e-7119582cc929][Font configurations for Org and others]].
 
 Packages affected by this are:
 
 + elfeed
 + ement
 + eww
 
 This is a non-exhaustive list.
 
 ** Note on Ement colors and fonts
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:8e636056-356c-4ca7-bc78-ebe61031f585
 :end:
 
 The {{{file(ement.el)}}} library by Adam Porter (also known as
 "alphapapa") defaults to a method of colorizing usernames in a rainbow
 style.  This is controlled by the user option ~ement-room-prism~ and
 can be disabled with:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq ement-room-prism nil)
 #+end_src
 
 The contrast ratio of these colors is governed by another user option:
 ~ement-room-prism-minimum-contrast~.  By default, it is set to 6 which is
 slightly below our nominal target.  Try this instead:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq ement-room-prism-minimum-contrast 7)
 #+end_src
 
 With regard to fonts, Ement depends on ~shr~ ([[#h:e6c5451f-6763-4be7-8fdb-b4706a422a4c][Note on SHR fonts]]).
 
 Since we are here, here is an excerpt from Ement's source code:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (defcustom ement-room-prism-minimum-contrast 6
   "Attempt to enforce this minimum contrast ratio for user faces.
 This should be a reasonable number from, e.g. 0-7 or so."
   ;; Prot would almost approve of this default.  :) I would go all the way
   ;; to 7, but 6 already significantly dilutes the colors in some cases.
   :type 'number)
 #+end_src
 
 Yes, I do approve of that default.  Even a 4.5 (the WCAG AA rating)
 would be a good baseline for many themes and/or user configurations.
 Our target is the highest of the sort, though we do not demand that
 everyone conforms with it.
 
 ** Note on pdf-tools link hints
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:2659d13e-b1a5-416c-9a89-7c3ce3a76574
 :end:
 
 Hints are drawn by [[https://imagemagick.org/][ImageMagick]], not Emacs, i.e., ImageMagick doesn't
 know about the hint face unless you tell ImageMagick about it.  By
 default, only the foreground and background color attributes are
 passed.  The below snippet adds to those the various font attributes.  As
 it queries various faces, specifically ~pdf-links-read-link~ and the faces
 it inherits, it needs to be added to your initialization file after
 you've customized any faces.
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (use-package pdf-links
   :config
   (let ((spec
          (apply #'append
                 (mapcar
                  (lambda (name)
                    (list name
                          (face-attribute 'pdf-links-read-link
                                          name nil 'default)))
                  '(:family :width :weight :slant)))))
     (setq pdf-links-read-link-convert-commands
           `("-density"    "96"
             "-family"     ,(plist-get spec :family)
             "-stretch"    ,(let* ((width (plist-get spec :width))
                                   (name (symbol-name width)))
                              (replace-regexp-in-string "-" ""
                                                        (capitalize name)))
             "-weight"     ,(pcase (plist-get spec :weight)
                              ('ultra-light "Thin")
                              ('extra-light "ExtraLight")
                              ('light       "Light")
                              ('semi-bold   "SemiBold")
                              ('bold        "Bold")
                              ('extra-bold  "ExtraBold")
                              ('ultra-bold  "Black")
                              (_weight      "Normal"))
             "-style"      ,(pcase (plist-get spec :slant)
                              ('italic  "Italic")
                              ('oblique "Oblique")
                              (_slant   "Normal"))
             "-pointsize"  "%P"
             "-undercolor" "%f"
             "-fill"       "%b"
             "-draw"       "text %X,%Y '%c'"))))
 #+end_src
 
 ** Note on the Notmuch logo
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:636af312-54a5-4918-84a6-0698e85a3c6d
 :end:
 
 By default, the "hello" buffer of Notmuch includes a header with the
 programs' logo and a couple of buttons.  The logo has the effect of
 enlarging the height of the line, which negatively impacts the shape of
 those buttons.  Disabling the logo fixes the problem:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq notmuch-show-logo nil)
 #+end_src
 
 ** Note on goto-address-mode faces
 :PROPERTIES:
 :CUSTOM_ID: h:2d74236a-e41c-4616-8735-75f949a67334
 :END:
 
 The built-in ~goto-address-mode~ uses heuristics to identify URLs and
 email addresses in the current buffer.  It then applies a face to them
 to change their style.  Some packages, such as ~notmuch~, use this
 minor-mode automatically.
 
 The faces are not declared with ~defface~, meaning that it is better
 that the theme does not modify them.  The user is thus encouraged to
 consider including (or equivalent) this in their setup:
 
 #+begin_src emacs-lisp
 (setq goto-address-url-face 'link
       goto-address-url-mouse-face 'highlight
       goto-address-mail-face 'link
       goto-address-mail-mouse-face 'highlight)
 #+end_src
 
 My personal preference is to set ~goto-address-mail-face~ to ~nil~, as
 it otherwise adds too much visual noise to the buffer (email addresses
 stand out more, due to the use of the uncommon =@= character but also
 because they are often enclosed in angled brackets).
 
 * Frequently Asked Questions
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:b3384767-30d3-4484-ba7f-081729f03a47
 :end:
 #+cindex: Frequently Asked Questions
 
 In this section we provide answers related to some aspects of the Modus
 themes' design and application.
 
 ** Is the contrast ratio about adjacent colors?
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:5ce7ae2e-9348-4e55-b4cf-9302345b1826
 :end:
 #+cindex: Contrast between adjacent colors
 
 The minimum contrast ratio in relative luminance that the themes conform
 with always refers to any given combination of background and foreground
 colors.  If we have some blue colored text next to a magenta one, both
 against a white background, we do not mean to imply that blue:magenta is
 7:1 in terms of relative luminance.  Rather, we state that blue:white
 and magenta:white each are 7:1 or higher.
 
 The point of reference is always the background.  Because colors have
 about the same minimum distance in luminance from their backdrop, they
 necessarily are fairly close to each other in this measure.  A possible
 blue:magenta combination would naturally be around 1:1 in contrast of
 the sort here considered.
 
 To differentiate between sequential colors, we rely on hueness by
 mapping contrasting hues to adjacent constructs, while avoiding
 exaggerations.  A blue next to a magenta can be told apart regardless of
 their respective contrast ratio against their common background.
 Exceptions would be tiny characters in arguably not so realistic cases,
 such as two dots drawn side-by-side which for some reason would need to
 be colored differently.  They would still be legible though, which is
 the primary objective of the Modus themes.
 
 ** What does it mean to avoid exaggerations?
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:44284e1f-fab8-4c4f-92f0-544728a7c91e
 :end:
 #+cindex: Avoiding exaggerations in design
 
 The Modus themes are designed with restraint, so that their default
 looks do not overdo it with the application of color.
 
 [[#h:bf1c82f2-46c7-4eb2-ad00-dd11fdd8b53f][Customization Options]].
 
 This is the non-quantifiable aspect of the themes' design: the artistic
 part, if you will.  There are a lot of cases where color can be used
 inconsiderately, without accounting for layout, typographic, or other
 properties of the presentation.  For example, two headings with distinct
 markers, such as leading asterisks in Org buffers, do not have to have
 highly contrasting hues between them in order to be told apart: the
 added element of contrast in hueness does not contribute significantly
 more to the distinction between the headings than colors whose hues are
 relatively closer to each other in the color space.
 
 Exaggerations can be hard to anticipate or identify.  Multiple shades of
 blue and magenta in the same context may not seem optimal: one might
 think that it would be better to use highly contrasting hues to ensure
 that all colors stand out, such as by placing blue next to yellow, next
 to magenta, and green.  That would, however, be a case of design for its
 own sake; a case where color is being applied without consideration of
 its end results in the given context.  Too many contrasting hues in
 close proximity force an erratic rate to how the eye jumps from one
 piece of text to the next.  Whereas multiple shades of, say, blue and
 magenta can suffice to tell things apart and avoid excess coloration: a
 harmonious rhythm.
 
 ** Why are colors mostly variants of blue, magenta, cyan?
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:0b26cb47-9733-4cb1-87d9-50850cb0386e
 :end:
 #+cindex: Innate color qualities of the palette
 
 Due to the innate properties of color, some options are better than
 others for the accessibility purposes of the themes, the stylistic
 consistency between ~modus-operandi~ and ~modus-vivendi~, and the avoidance
 of exaggerations in design.
 
 [[#h:44284e1f-fab8-4c4f-92f0-544728a7c91e][What does it mean to avoid exaggerations?]]
 
 What we describe as color is a function of three distinct channels of
 light: red, green, blue.  In hexadecimal RGB notation, a color value is
 read as three pairs of red, green, and blue light: =#RRGGBB=.  Of those
 three, the most luminant is green, while the least luminant is blue.
 
 The three basic colors represent each of the channels of light.  They
 can be intermixed to give us six colors: red and green derive yellow,
 green and blue make cyan, red and blue turn into magenta.
 
 We can test the luminance of each of those against white and black to
 get a sense of how not all colors are equally good for accessibility
 (white is =#ffffff=, which means that all three light channels are fully
 luminated, while black is =#000000= meaning that no light is present
 (notwithstanding display technology)).
 
 #+begin_example
 | Name    |         | #ffffff | #000000 |
 |---------+---------+---------+---------|
 | red     | #ff0000 |    4.00 |    5.25 |
 | yellow  | #ffff00 |    1.07 |   19.56 |
 | green   | #00ff00 |    1.37 |   15.30 |
 | cyan    | #00ffff |    1.25 |   16.75 |
 | blue    | #0000ff |    8.59 |    2.44 |
 | magenta | #ff00ff |    3.14 |    6.70 |
 #+end_example
 
 [[#h:02e25930-e71a-493d-828a-8907fc80f874][Measure color contrast]].
 
 By reading this table we learn that every color that has a high level of
 green light (green, yellow, cyan) is virtually unreadable against a
 white background and, conversely, can be easily read against black.
 
 We can then infer that red and blue, in different combinations, with
 green acting as calibrator for luminance, will give us fairly moderate
 colors that pass the 7:1 target.  Blue with a bit of green produce
 appropriate variants of cyan.  Similarly, blue combined with some red
 and hints of green give us suitable shades of purple.
 
 Due to the need of maintaining some difference in hueness between
 adjacent colors, it is not possible to make red, green, and yellow the
 main colors, because blue cannot be used to control their luminance and,
 thus the relevant space will shrink considerably.
 
 [[#h:5ce7ae2e-9348-4e55-b4cf-9302345b1826][Is the contrast ratio about adjacent colors?]]
 
 This phenomenon is best illustrated by the following table that measures
 the relative luminance of shades of red, yellow, magenta against white:
 
 #+begin_example
 |         | #ffffff |
 |---------+---------|
 | #990000 |    8.92 |
 | #995500 |    5.75 |
 | #990099 |    7.46 |
 #+end_example
 
 We notice that equal values of red and blue light in =#990099= (magenta
 shade) do not lead to a considerable change in luminance compared with
 =#990000= (red variant).  Whereas less amount of green light in =#995500=
 leads to a major drop in luminance relative to white.  It follows that
 using the green channel of light to calibrate the luminance of colors is
 more effective than trying to do the same with either red or blue (the
 latter is the least effective in that regard).
 
 When we need to work with several colors, it is always better to have
 sufficient manoeuvring space, especially since we cannot pick arbitrary
 colors but only those that satisfy the accessibility objectives of the
 themes.
 
 As for why we do not mostly use green, yellow, cyan for the dark theme,
 it is because those colors are far more luminant than their counterparts
 on the other side of the spectrum, so to ensure that they all have about
 the same contrast ratios we would have to alter their hueness
 considerably.  In short, the effect would not be optimal as it would
 lead to exaggerations.  Plus, it would make ~modus-vivendi~ look
 completely different than ~modus-operandi~, to the effect that the two
 could not be properly considered part of the same project.
 
 ** What is the best setup for legibility?
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:f60cc2ae-129d-47c0-9849-4f6bbd87d8be
 :end:
 #+cindex: General setup for readability
 
 The Modus themes can be conceptually simplified as combinations of color
 values that account for relative luminance and inner harmony.  Those
 qualities do not guarantee that every end-user will have the same
 experience, due to differences between people, but also because of
 variances in hardware capabilities and configurations.  For the purposes
 of this document, we may only provide suggestions pertaining to the
 latter case.
 
 ~modus-operandi~ is best used outdoors or in a room that either gets
 direct sunlight or has plenty of light.  Whereas ~modus-vivendi~ works
 better when there is not a lot of sunshine or the room has a source of
 light that is preferably a faint and/or warm one.  It is possible to use
 ~modus-operandi~ at night and ~modus-vivendi~ during the day, though that
 will depend on several variables, such as one's overall perception of
 color, the paint on the walls and how that contributes to the impression
 of lightness in the room, the sense of space within the eye's peripheral
 vision, hardware specifications, and environmental factors.
 
 In general, an additional source of light other than that of the monitor
 can help reduce eye strain: the eyes are more relaxed when they do not
 have to focus on one point to gather light.
 
 The monitor's display settings must be accounted for.  Gamma values, in
 particular, need to be calibrated to neither amplify nor distort the
 perception of black.  Same principle for sharpness, brightness, and
 contrast as determined by the hardware, which all have an effect on how
 text is read on the screen.
 
 There are software level methods on offer, such as the XrandR utility
 for the X Window System (X.org), which can make gamma corrections for
 each of the three channels of light (red, green, blue).  For example:
 
 : xrandr --output LVDS1 --brightness 1.0 --gamma 0.76:0.75:0.68
 
 Typography is another variable.  Some font families are blurry at small
 point sizes.  Others may have a regular weight that is lighter (thiner)
 than that of their peers which may, under certain circumstances, cause a
 halo effect around each glyph.
 
 The gist is that legibility cannot be fully solved at the theme level.
 The color combinations may have been optimized for accessibility, though
 the remaining contributing factors in each case need to be considered in
 full.
 
 ** Are these color schemes?
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:a956dbd3-8fd2-4f5d-8b01-5f881268cf2b
 :end:
 #+cindex: Themes, not color schemes
 
 No, the Modus themes are not color schemes.
 
 A color scheme is a collection of colors.  A good color scheme is a
 combination of colors with an inner logic or abstract structure.
 
 A theme is a set of patterns that are applied across different contexts.
 A good theme is one that does so with consistency, though not
 uniformity.
 
 In practical terms, a color scheme is what one uses when, for example,
 they replace the first sixteen escape sequences of a terminal emulator
 with color values of their preference.  The terminal offers the option
 to choose, say, the exact value of what counts as "red", but does not
 provide the means to control where that is mapped to and whether it
 should also have other qualities such as a bold weight for the
 underlying text or an added background color.  In contradistinction,
 Emacs uses constructs known as "faces" which allow the user/developer
 to specify where a given color will be used and whether it should be
 accompanied by other typographic or stylistic attributes.
 
 By configuring the multitude of faces on offer we thus control both
 which colors are applied and how they appear in their context.  When a
 package wants to render each instance of "foo" with the "bar" face, it
 is not requesting a specific color, which makes things considerably more
 flexible as we can treat "bar" in its own right without necessarily
 having to use some color value that we hardcoded somewhere.
 
 Which brings us to the distinction between consistency and uniformity
 where our goal is always the former: we want things to look similar
 across all interfaces, but we must never force a visual identity where
 that runs contrary to the functionality of the given interface.  For
 instance, all links are underlined by default yet there are cases such
 as when viewing listings of emails in Gnus (and Mu4e, Notmuch) where (i)
 it is already understood that one must follow the indicator or headline
 to view its contents and (ii) underlining everything would make the
 interface virtually unusable.
 
 Again, one must exercise judgement in order to avoid discrimination,
 where "discrimination" refers to:
 
 + The treatment of substantially different magnitudes as if they were of
   the same class.
 + Or the treatment of the same class of magnitudes as if they were of a
   different class.
 
 (To treat similar things differently; to treat dissimilar things alike.)
 
 If, in other words, one is to enforce uniformity without accounting
 for the particular requirements of each case---the contextual demands
 for usability beyond matters of color---they are making a
 not-so-obvious error of treating different cases as if they were the
 same.
 
 The Modus themes prioritize "thematic consistency" over abstract harmony
 or regularity among their applicable colors.  In concrete terms, we do
 not claim that, say, our yellows are the best complements for our blues
 because we generally avoid using complementary colors side-by-side, so
 it is wrong to optimize for a decontextualised blue+yellow combination.
 Not to imply that our colors do not work well together because they do,
 just to clarify that consistency of context is what themes must strive
 for, and that requires widening the scope of the design beyond the
 particularities of a color scheme.
 
 Long story short: color schemes and themes have different requirements.
 Please do not conflate the two.
 
 ** Port the Modus themes to other platforms?
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:7156b949-917d-488e-9a72-59f70d80729c
 :end:
 #+cindex: Porting the themes to other editors
 
 There is no plan to port the themes to other platforms or text editors.
 I (Protesilaos) only use GNU Emacs and thus cannot maintain code that
 targets software I am either not familiar with or am not using on a
 daily basis.
 
 While it is possible to produce a simulacrum based on a given template,
 doing so would run contrary to how this project is maintained where
 details matter greatly.
 
 Each program has its own requirements so it won't always be
 possible---or indeed desirable---to have 1:1 correspondence between
 what applies to Emacs and what should be done elsewhere.  No port
 should ever strive to be a copy of the Emacs implementation, as no
 other program is an Emacs equivalent, but instead try to follow the
 spirit of the design.  For example, some of the customization options
 accept a list as their value, or an alist, which may not be possible
 to reproduce on other platforms.
 
 [[#h:bf1c82f2-46c7-4eb2-ad00-dd11fdd8b53f][Customization options]].
 
 In other words, if something must be done differently on a certain
 editor then that is acceptable so long as (i) the accessibility
 standards are not compromised and (ii) the overall character of the
 themes remains consistent.
 
 The former criterion should be crystal clear as it pertains to the
 scientific foundations of the themes: high legibility and taking care
 of the needs of users with red-green/blue-yellow color deficiency
 (deuteranopia and tritanopia) by avoiding red+green color coding
 paradigms and/or by providing yellow+blue variants for deuteranopia
 and red+cyan for tritanopia ([[#h:f0f3dbcb-602d-40cf-b918-8f929c441baf][Overview]]).
 
 The latter criterion is the "je ne sais quoi" of the artistic aspect of
 the themes, which is partially fleshed out in this manual.
 
 [[#h:b3384767-30d3-4484-ba7f-081729f03a47][Frequently Asked Questions]].
 
 With regard to the artistic aspect (where "art" qua skill may amount to
 an imprecise science), there is no hard-and-fast rule in effect as it
 requires one to exercize discretion and make decisions based on
 context-dependent information or constraints.  As is true with most
 things in life, when in doubt, do not cling on to the letter of the law
 but try to understand its spirit.
 
 For a trivial example: the curly underline that Emacs draws for spelling
 errors is thinner than, e.g., what a graphical web browser has, so if I
 was to design for an editor than has a thicker curly underline I would
 make the applicable colors less intense to counterbalance the
 typographic intensity of the added thickness.
 
 With those granted, if anyone is willing to develop a port of the
 themes, they are welcome to contact me and I will do my best to help
 them in their efforts.
 
 * Contributing
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:9c3cd842-14b7-44d7-84b2-a5c8bc3fc3b1
 :end:
 
 This section documents the canonical sources of the themes and the ways
 in which you can contribute to their ongoing development.
 
 ** Sources of the themes
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:89504f1c-c9a1-4bd9-ab39-78fd0eddb47c
 :end:
 #+cindex: Sources of the themes
 
 + Package name (GNU ELPA): ~modus-themes~
 + Official manual: <https://protesilaos.com/emacs/modus-themes>
 + Change log: <https://protesilaos.com/emacs/modus-themes-changelog>
 + Color palette: <https://protesilaos.com/emacs/modus-themes-colors>
 + Sample pictures: <https://protesilaos.com/emacs/modus-themes-pictures>
 + Git repo on SourceHut: <https://git.sr.ht/~protesilaos/modus-themes>
   - Mirrors:
     + GitHub: <https://github.com/protesilaos/modus-themes>
     + GitLab: <https://gitlab.com/protesilaos/modus-themes>
 + Mailing list: <https://lists.sr.ht/~protesilaos/modus-themes>
 + Backronym: My Old Display Unexpectedly Sharpened ... themes
 
 ** Issues you can help with
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:6536c8d5-3f98-43ab-a787-b94120e735e8
 :end:
 #+cindex: Contributing
 
 A few tasks you can help with by sending an email to the general
 [[https://lists.sr.ht/~protesilaos/modus-themes][modus-themes public mailing list]].
 
 + Suggest refinements to packages that are covered.
 + Report packages not covered thus far.
 + Report bugs, inconsistencies, shortcomings.
 + Help expand the documentation of covered-but-not-styled packages.
 + Suggest refinements to the color palette.
 + Help expand this document or any other piece of documentation.
 + Send patches for code refinements (if you need, ask me for help with
   Git---we all start out as beginners).
 
 [[#h:111773e2-f26f-4b68-8c4f-9794ca6b9633][Patches require copyright assignment to the FSF]].
 
 It is preferable that your feedback includes some screenshots, GIFs, or
 short videos, as well as further instructions to reproduce a given
 setup.  Though this is not a requirement.
 
 Whatever you do, bear in mind the overarching objective of the Modus
 themes: to keep a contrast ratio that is greater or equal to 7:1 between
 background and foreground colors.  If a compromise is ever necessary
 between aesthetics and accessibility, it shall always be made in the
 interest of the latter.
 
 ** Patches require copyright assignment to the FSF
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:111773e2-f26f-4b68-8c4f-9794ca6b9633
 :end:
 
 Code contributions are most welcome.  For any major edit (more than 15
 lines, or so, in aggregate per person), you need to make a copyright
 assignment to the Free Software Foundation.  This is necessary because
 the themes are part of the upstream Emacs distribution: the FSF must at
 all times be in a position to enforce the GNU General Public License.
 
 Copyright assignment is a simple process.  Check the request form below
 (please adapt it accordingly).  You must write an email to the address
 mentioned in the form and then wait for the FSF to send you a legal
 agreement.  Sign the document and file it back to them.  This could all
 happen via email and take about a week.  You are encouraged to go
 through this process.  You only need to do it once.  It will allow you
 to make contributions to Emacs in general.
 
 #+begin_example text
 Please email the following information to assign@gnu.org, and we
 will send you the assignment form for your past and future changes.
 
 Please use your full legal name (in ASCII characters) as the subject
 line of the message.
 
 REQUEST: SEND FORM FOR PAST AND FUTURE CHANGES
 
 [What is the name of the program or package you're contributing to?]
 
 GNU Emacs
 
 [Did you copy any files or text written by someone else in these changes?
 Even if that material is free software, we need to know about it.]
 
 Copied a few snippets from the same files I edited.  Their author,
 Protesilaos Stavrou, has already assigned copyright to the Free Software
 Foundation.
 
 [Do you have an employer who might have a basis to claim to own
 your changes?  Do you attend a school which might make such a claim?]
 
 
 [For the copyright registration, what country are you a citizen of?]
 
 
 [What year were you born?]
 
 
 [Please write your email address here.]
 
 
 [Please write your postal address here.]
 
 
 
 
 
 [Which files have you changed so far, and which new files have you written
 so far?]
 
 #+end_example
 
 * Acknowledgements
 :properties:
 :custom_id: h:95c3da23-217f-404e-b5f3-56c75760ebcf
 :end:
 #+cindex: Contributors
 
 The Modus themes are a collective effort.  Every bit of work matters.
 
 + Author/maintainer :: Protesilaos Stavrou.
 
 + Contributions to code or documentation :: Aleksei Gusev, Alex
   Griffin, Anders Johansson, Antonio Ruiz, Basil L.{{{space()}}}
   Contovounesios, Björn Lindström, Carlo Zancanaro, Christian Tietze,
   Daniel Mendler, David Edmondson, Eli Zaretskii, Fritz Grabo, Gautier
   Ponsinet, Illia Ostapyshyn, Kévin Le Gouguec, Koen van Greevenbroek,
   Kostadin Ninev, Madhavan Krishnan, Manuel Giraud, Markus Beppler,
   Matthew Stevenson, Mauro Aranda, Nacho Barrientos, Niall Dooley,
   Nicolas De Jaeghere, Paul David, Philip Kaludercic, Pierre
   Téchoueyres, Rudolf Adamkovič, Sergey Nichiporchik, Shreyas Ragavan,
   Stefan Kangas, Stephen Berman, Stephen Gildea, Steve Downey, Tomasz
   Hołubowicz, Utkarsh Singh, Vincent Murphy, Xinglu Chen, Yuanchen
   Xie, fluentpwn, okamsn.
 
 + Ideas and user feedback :: Aaron Jensen, Adam Porter, Adam Spiers,
   Adrian Manea, Aleksei Pirogov, Alex Griffin, Alex Koen, Alex
   Peitsinis, Alexey Shmalko, Alok Singh, Anders Johansson, André
   Alexandre Gomes, Andrew Tropin, Antonio Hernández Blas, Arif Rezai,
   Augusto Stoffel, Basil L.{{{space()}}} Contovounesios, Bernd
   Rellermeyer, Burgess Chang, Charlotte Van Petegem, Christian Tietze,
   Christopher Dimech, Christopher League, Damien Cassou, Daniel
   Mendler, Dario Gjorgjevski, David Edmondson, Davor Rotim, Divan
   Santana, Eliraz Kedmi, Emanuele Michele Alberto Monterosso, Farasha
   Euker, Feng Shu, Gautier Ponsinet, Gerry Agbobada, Gianluca Recchia,
   Gonçalo Marrafa, Guilherme Semente, Gustavo Barros, Hörmetjan
   Yiltiz, Ilja Kocken, Imran Khan, Iris Garcia, Ivan Popovych, James
   Ferguson, Jeremy Friesen, Jerry Zhang, Johannes Grødem, John Haman,
   John Wick, Jonas Collberg, Jorge Morais, Joshua O'Connor, Julio C.
   Villasante, Kenta Usami, Kevin Fleming, Kévin Le Gouguec, Kevin
   Kainan Li, Kostadin Ninev, Laith Bahodi, Lasse Lindner, Len Trigg,
   Lennart C.{{{space()}}} Karssen, Luis Miguel Castañeda, Magne Hov, Manuel Giraud,
   Manuel Uberti, Mark Bestley, Mark Burton, Mark Simpson, Marko Kocic,
   Markus Beppler, Matt Armstrong, Matthias Fuchs, Mattias Engdegård,
   Mauro Aranda, Maxime Tréca, Michael Goldenberg, Morgan Smith, Morgan
   Willcock, Murilo Pereira, Nicky van Foreest, Nicolas De Jaeghere,
   Nicolas Semrau, Olaf Meeuwissen, Oliver Epper, Pablo Stafforini,
   Paul Poloskov, Pengji Zhang, Pete Kazmier, Peter Wu, Philip
   Kaludercic, Pierre Téchoueyres, Przemysław Kryger, Robert Hepple,
   Roman Rudakov, Russell Sim, Ryan Phillips, Rytis Paškauskas, Rudolf
   Adamkovič, Sam Kleinman, Samuel Culpepper, Saša Janiška, Shreyas
   Ragavan, Simon Pugnet, Steve Downey, Tassilo Horn, Thanos Apollo,
   Thibaut Verron, Thomas Heartman, Togan Muftuoglu, Tony Zorman, Trey
   Merkley, Tomasz Hołubowicz, Toon Claes, Uri Sharf, Utkarsh Singh,
   Vincent Foley, Zoltan Kiraly. As well as users: Ben, CsBigDataHub1,
   Emacs Contrib, Eugene, Fourchaux, Fredrik, Moesasji, Nick, Summer
   Emacs, TheBlob42, TitusMu, Trey, bepolymathe, bit9tream,
   bangedorrunt, derek-upham, doolio, fleimgruber, gitrj95, iSeeU,
   jixiuf, ltmsyvag, okamsn, pRot0ta1p, soaringbird, tumashu,
   wakamenod.
 
 + Packaging :: Basil L.{{{space()}}} Contovounesios, Eli Zaretskii,
   Glenn Morris, Mauro Aranda, Richard Stallman, Stefan Kangas (core
   Emacs), Stefan Monnier (GNU Elpa), André Alexandre Gomes, Andrew
   Tropin, Dimakakos Dimos, Morgan Smith, Nicolas Goaziou (Guix), Dhavan
   Vaidya (Debian).
 
 + Inspiration for certain features :: Bozhidar Batsov (zenburn-theme),
   Fabrice Niessen (leuven-theme).
 
 Special thanks (from A-Z) to Daniel Mendler, Gustavo Barros, Manuel
 Uberti, Nicolas De Jaeghere, and Omar Antolín Camarena for their long
 time contributions and insightful commentary on key aspects of the
 themes' design and/or aspects of their functionality.
 
 All errors are my own.
 
 * GNU Free Documentation License
 :properties:
 :appendix: t
 :custom_id: h:3077c3d2-7f90-4228-8f0a-73124f4026f6
 :end:
 
 #+texinfo: @include doclicense.texi
 
 #+begin_export html
 <pre>
 
                 GNU Free Documentation License
                  Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
 
 
  Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
      <https://fsf.org/>
  Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
  of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
 
 0. PREAMBLE
 
 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
 functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
 for modifications made by others.
 
 This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
 license designed for free software.
 
 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
 software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
 whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
 
 
 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
 
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 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
 distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
 work under the conditions stated herein.  The "Document", below,
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 licensee, and is addressed as "you".  You accept the license if you
 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
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 A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
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 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
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 2. VERBATIM COPYING
 
 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
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 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
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 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
 
 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
 Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
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 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
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 as verbatim copying in other respects.
 
 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
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 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
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 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
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 a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
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 that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
 location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
 Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
 edition to the public.
 
 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to
 give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
 Document.
 
 
 4. MODIFICATIONS
 
 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
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 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
 of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
 
 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
    from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
    (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
    of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
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 B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
    responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
    Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
    Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
    unless they release you from this requirement.
 C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
    Modified Version, as the publisher.
 D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
 E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
    adjacent to the other copyright notices.
 F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
    giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
    terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
 G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
    and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
 H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
 I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
    to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
    publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
    there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one
    stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
    given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
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 J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
    public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
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    it was based on.  These may be placed in the "History" section.
    You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
    least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
    publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
 K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
    Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
    the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
    and/or dedications given therein.
 L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
    unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
    or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
 M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements".  Such a section
    may not be included in the Modified Version.
 N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements"
    or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
 O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
 
 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
 of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
 
 You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
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 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
 standard.
 
 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
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 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
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 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
 
 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
 imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
 
 
 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
 
 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
 
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 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
 copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
 
 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
 "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
 and any sections Entitled "Dedications".  You must delete all sections
 Entitled "Endorsements".
 
 
 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
 
 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
 documents released under this License, and replace the individual
 copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
 that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules
 of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all
 other respects.
 
 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
 distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
 copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
 License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
 document.
 
 
 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
 
 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
 distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
 of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
 derivative works of the Document.
 
 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
 aggregate.
 
 
 8. TRANSLATION
 
 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
 original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
 the original English version of this License and the original versions
 of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
 
 If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
 "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
 title.
 
 
 9. TERMINATION
 
 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
 except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
 will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
 
 However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
 from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
 unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
 terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
 fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
 60 days after the cessation.
 
 Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
 reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
 violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
 received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
 copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
 your receipt of the notice.
 
 Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
 licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
 this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
 reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
 not give you any rights to use it.
 
 
 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
 
 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the
 GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new versions
 will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
 detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
 https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
 
 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
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 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
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 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Document
 specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
 License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
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 Document.
 
 11. RELICENSING
 
 "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any
 World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
 provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works.  A
 public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server.  A
 "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the site
 means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site.
 
 "CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
 corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
 California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
 published by that same organization.
 
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 part, as part of another Document.
 
 An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this
 License, and if all works that were first published under this License
 somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or
 in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and
 (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
 
 The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
 under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
 provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
 
 
 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
 
 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
 the License in the document and put the following copyright and
 license notices just after the title page:
 
     Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
     under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
     or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
     with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
     A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
     Free Documentation License".
 
 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
 replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
 
     with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
     Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
 
 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
 situation.
 
 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
 to permit their use in free software.
 </pre>
 #+end_export
 
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