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      1 @c The GNU Free Documentation License.
      2 @center Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
      3 
      4 @c This file is intended to be included within another document,
      5 @c hence no sectioning command or @node.
      6 
      7 @display
      8 Copyright @copyright{} 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
      9 @uref{https://fsf.org/}
     10 
     11 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
     12 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
     13 @end display
     14 
     15 @enumerate 0
     16 @item
     17 PREAMBLE
     18 
     19 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
     20 functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to
     21 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
     22 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
     23 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
     24 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
     25 for modifications made by others.
     26 
     27 This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
     28 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
     29 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
     30 license designed for free software.
     31 
     32 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
     33 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
     34 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
     35 software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
     36 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
     37 whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
     38 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
     39 
     40 @item
     41 APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
     42 
     43 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
     44 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
     45 distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
     46 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
     47 work under the conditions stated herein.  The ``Document'', below,
     48 refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
     49 licensee, and is addressed as ``you''.  You accept the license if you
     50 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
     51 under copyright law.
     52 
     53 A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
     54 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
     55 modifications and/or translated into another language.
     56 
     57 A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section
     58 of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
     59 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
     60 subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
     61 directly within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in
     62 part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
     63 any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
     64 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
     65 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
     66 them.
     67 
     68 The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
     69 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
     70 that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
     71 section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
     72 allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
     73 Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
     74 Sections then there are none.
     75 
     76 The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
     77 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
     78 the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
     79 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
     80 
     81 A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
     82 represented in a format whose specification is available to the
     83 general public, that is suitable for revising the document
     84 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
     85 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
     86 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
     87 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
     88 to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
     89 format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
     90 or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
     91 An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
     92 of text.  A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.
     93 
     94 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
     95 ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input
     96 format, SGML or XML using a publicly available
     97 DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML,
     98 PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.  Examples
     99 of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and
    100 JPG@.  Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
    101 read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or
    102 XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are
    103 not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML,
    104 PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for
    105 output purposes only.
    106 
    107 The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
    108 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
    109 this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
    110 formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
    111 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
    112 preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
    113 
    114 The ``publisher'' means any person or entity that distributes copies
    115 of the Document to the public.
    116 
    117 A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
    118 title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
    119 text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
    120 specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'',
    121 ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.)  To ``Preserve the Title''
    122 of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
    123 section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
    124 
    125 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
    126 states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
    127 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
    128 License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
    129 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
    130 no effect on the meaning of this License.
    131 
    132 @item
    133 VERBATIM COPYING
    134 
    135 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
    136 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
    137 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
    138 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
    139 conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
    140 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
    141 copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
    142 compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
    143 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
    144 
    145 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
    146 you may publicly display copies.
    147 
    148 @item
    149 COPYING IN QUANTITY
    150 
    151 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
    152 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
    153 Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
    154 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
    155 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
    156 the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
    157 you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
    158 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
    159 visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
    160 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
    161 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
    162 as verbatim copying in other respects.
    163 
    164 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
    165 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
    166 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
    167 pages.
    168 
    169 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
    170 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
    171 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
    172 a computer-network location from which the general network-using
    173 public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
    174 a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
    175 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
    176 when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
    177 that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
    178 location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
    179 Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
    180 edition to the public.
    181 
    182 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
    183 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
    184 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
    185 
    186 @item
    187 MODIFICATIONS
    188 
    189 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
    190 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
    191 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
    192 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
    193 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
    194 of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
    195 
    196 @enumerate A
    197 @item
    198 Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
    199 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
    200 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
    201 of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
    202 if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
    203 
    204 @item
    205 List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
    206 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
    207 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
    208 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
    209 unless they release you from this requirement.
    210 
    211 @item
    212 State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
    213 Modified Version, as the publisher.
    214 
    215 @item
    216 Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
    217 
    218 @item
    219 Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
    220 adjacent to the other copyright notices.
    221 
    222 @item
    223 Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
    224 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
    225 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
    226 
    227 @item
    228 Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
    229 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
    230 
    231 @item
    232 Include an unaltered copy of this License.
    233 
    234 @item
    235 Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
    236 to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
    237 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
    238 there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
    239 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
    240 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
    241 Version as stated in the previous sentence.
    242 
    243 @item
    244 Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
    245 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
    246 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
    247 it was based on.  These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
    248 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
    249 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
    250 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
    251 
    252 @item
    253 For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve
    254 the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
    255 substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
    256 dedications given therein.
    257 
    258 @item
    259 Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
    260 unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
    261 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
    262 
    263 @item
    264 Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''.  Such a section
    265 may not be included in the Modified Version.
    266 
    267 @item
    268 Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or
    269 to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
    270 
    271 @item
    272 Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
    273 @end enumerate
    274 
    275 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
    276 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
    277 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
    278 of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
    279 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
    280 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
    281 
    282 You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
    283 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
    284 parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
    285 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
    286 standard.
    287 
    288 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
    289 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
    290 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
    291 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
    292 through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
    293 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
    294 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
    295 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
    296 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
    297 
    298 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
    299 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
    300 imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
    301 
    302 @item
    303 COMBINING DOCUMENTS
    304 
    305 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
    306 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
    307 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
    308 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
    309 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
    310 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
    311 
    312 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
    313 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
    314 copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
    315 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
    316 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
    317 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
    318 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
    319 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
    320 
    321 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
    322 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
    323 ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
    324 and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''.  You must delete all
    325 sections Entitled ``Endorsements.''
    326 
    327 @item
    328 COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
    329 
    330 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
    331 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
    332 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
    333 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
    334 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
    335 
    336 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
    337 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
    338 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
    339 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
    340 
    341 @item
    342 AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
    343 
    344 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
    345 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
    346 distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
    347 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
    348 of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
    349 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
    350 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
    351 derivative works of the Document.
    352 
    353 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
    354 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
    355 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
    356 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
    357 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
    358 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
    359 aggregate.
    360 
    361 @item
    362 TRANSLATION
    363 
    364 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
    365 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
    366 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
    367 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
    368 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
    369 original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
    370 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
    371 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
    372 the original English version of this License and the original versions
    373 of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
    374 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
    375 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
    376 
    377 If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
    378 ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
    379 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
    380 title.
    381 
    382 @item
    383 TERMINATION
    384 
    385 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
    386 except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
    387 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
    388 will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
    389 
    390 However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
    391 from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
    392 unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
    393 terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
    394 fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
    395 60 days after the cessation.
    396 
    397 Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
    398 reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
    399 violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
    400 received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
    401 copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
    402 your receipt of the notice.
    403 
    404 Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
    405 licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
    406 this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
    407 reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
    408 not give you any rights to use it.
    409 
    410 @item
    411 FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
    412 
    413 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
    414 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
    415 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
    416 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
    417 @uref{https://www.gnu.org/licenses/}.
    418 
    419 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
    420 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
    421 License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
    422 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
    423 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
    424 Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
    425 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
    426 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Document
    427 specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
    428 License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
    429 version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
    430 Document.
    431 
    432 @item
    433 RELICENSING
    434 
    435 ``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site'' (or ``MMC Site'') means any
    436 World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
    437 provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works.  A
    438 public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server.  A
    439 ``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration'' (or ``MMC'') contained in the
    440 site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
    441 site.
    442 
    443 ``CC-BY-SA'' means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
    444 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
    445 corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
    446 California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
    447 published by that same organization.
    448 
    449 ``Incorporate'' means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
    450 in part, as part of another Document.
    451 
    452 An MMC is ``eligible for relicensing'' if it is licensed under this
    453 License, and if all works that were first published under this License
    454 somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole
    455 or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections,
    456 and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
    457 
    458 The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
    459 under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
    460 provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
    461 
    462 @end enumerate
    463 
    464 @page
    465 @heading ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
    466 
    467 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
    468 the License in the document and put the following copyright and
    469 license notices just after the title page:
    470 
    471 @smallexample
    472 @group
    473   Copyright (C)  @var{year}  @var{your name}.
    474   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
    475   under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
    476   or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
    477   with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
    478   Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
    479   Free Documentation License''.
    480 @end group
    481 @end smallexample
    482 
    483 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
    484 replace the ``with@dots{}Texts.''@: line with this:
    485 
    486 @smallexample
    487 @group
    488     with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with
    489     the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts
    490     being @var{list}.
    491 @end group
    492 @end smallexample
    493 
    494 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
    495 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
    496 situation.
    497 
    498 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
    499 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
    500 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
    501 to permit their use in free software.
    502 
    503 @c Local Variables:
    504 @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict"
    505 @c End: